Slovakia

Country score (EU Average*)

79(72) Political Financing
88(57) Financial Disclosure
64(49) Conflict of Interest
69(59) Freedom of Information
88(63) Public Procurement
53(66) Anti Money Laundering
47(71) Asset Recovery

Country Facts

Income	High
GNI per capita (2011 PPP $)	27851.60
Population, total	5428704.00
Urban population (% of total)	53.47
Internet users (per 100 people)	80.48
Life expectancy at birth (years)	77.21
Mean years of schooling (years)	12.2
Global Competitiveness Index	4.3

Sources: World Bank, UNDP, WEF.

Political Financing

The Act on Political Parties and Movements (2005, amended 2016) and the Act on Limitation of Expenditures of the Political Parties on Advertising Before Elections (1994) are the main laws regulating the financing of political parties in Slovakia.

There are some restrictions on the private income of political parties. Donations from foreign entities and anonymous donors are banned. Donations from corporations are not banned except where the corporation is under partial government ownership. Trade unions are also permitted to donate but other entities are not and are specified in the law. There are limits on donations to parties outside of election periods but there appear to be no limits during election period,

Public funding is available for parties and is allocated based on the share of votes attained in the previous election and the representation in the elected body. There are specific rules regarding what the public funding may not be used for. There are provisions on subsidized access for the media which is allocated equally.

For regulation on spending, there is a ban on vote buying but not on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate. There are limits on spending.

Parties are required to report on their finances annually and the reports are required to be made public. Reports must reveal financial information in relation to election campaigns and must reveal the identity of donors. Reports are overseen by the National Council of the Slovak Republic. There are sanctions in the form of fines for those breaching the provisions of the law.

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024
Bans and limits on private income	94	94	94	94	100	67
Public funding	75	88	88	88	88	75
Regulations on spending	50	50	50	50	50	75
Reporting, oversight and sanctions	100	100	100	100	100	100

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Bans and limits on private income
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?	Yes. (1) The party may not receive donations and other non-refundable funds from: f) Natural person that is not citizen of the Slovak Republic; g) Legal entity headquartered abroad (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 24(1)(f)&(g))
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?	Yes. Raising Funds for Promotion of Candidates for Presidential Office (1) A candidate for the presidential office shall be entitled to obtain donations and other gratuitous performance in support of his/her candidature only from natural persons with permanent residence on the territory of the Slovak Republic, from legal entities with registered office on the territory of the Slovak Republic or from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic. (Act of 18 March 1999 on election of the president of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended by the Act no. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll.)
Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?	No. Absent from legal framework
Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?	Yes. Section 18.‌1, "(1) A candidate for the presidential office shall be entitled to obtain donations and other gratuitous performance in support of his/‌her candidature only from natural persons with permanent residence on the territory of the Slovak Republic, from legal entities with registered office on the territory of the Slovak Republic or from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic.‌" Separate rules exist for Presidential candidates finance, these do not include a ban on corporate donations. (8) Contributions for the electoral campaign that may be submitted by the candidates or the financial agent may come only from donations received by candidates from individuals, from their own incomes or from loans from individuals or contracted with credit institutions. "(1) It is forbidden to finance in any way the electoral campaign of a party, of an alliance or of an independent candidate by a public authority, public institution, autonomous direction, national company, company governed by Law no. 31/1990, republished, with subsequent modifications and completions, or credit institution, to which the state or administrative-territorial units are majority shareholders, or by companies regulated by Law no. 31/1990, republished, with the subsequent amendments and completions, which carry out activities financed from public funds. The prohibition applies to companies governed by Law no. 31/1990, republished, with the subsequent amendments and completions, which, 12 months before the beginning of the electoral campaign, carried out activities financed from public funds." (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. Source: Article 28 (8), The Law no. 334/2006 on financing the activity of political parties and electoral campaigns, 2006 (as of January 20, 2017) Source: Article 33 (1), The Law no. 334/2006 on financing the activity of political parties and electoral campaigns, 2006 (as of January 20, 2017))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties?	No. Specific rules exist for Presidential candidates, no ban on such donations.
Is there a ban on donations from corporations of partial government ownership to political parties?	Yes. (1) The party may not receive donations and other non-refundable funds from: c) Legal entities whose assets are partially held by the State, the Ownership Fund of the Slovak Republic, or by larger localities or territorial units; (Law No. 85on Political Parties and Movements 2005, (amended 2016) Section 24(1)(c) )
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates?	Yes. Specific rules exist for Presidential candidates, no ban on such donations. Section 18 Raising Funds for Promotion of Candidates for Presidential Office "(1) A candidate for the presidential office shall be entitled to obtain donations and other gratuitous performance in support of his/‌her candidature only from natural persons with permanent residence on the territory of the Slovak Republic, from legal entities with registered office on the territory of the Slovak Republic or from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic.‌" Presidential candidates may not accept a donation or any other consideration free of charge for an election campaign a) state, Slovak Land Fund, municipality or higher territorial unit, b) a legal entity whose founder or founder is the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit, c) a legal entity in which the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit has an ownership interest, [...] e) a public institution or a legal person established by law, [...] (6) An independent candidate may not accept a donation or other free of charge performance for an election campaign from entities referred to in § 5para.4. (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. Source: § 5(4), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019) Source: § 6 (6), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations of partial government ownership to candidates?	Yes. Specific rules exist for Presidential candidates, no ban on such donations. Section 18 Raising Funds for Promotion of Candidates for Presidential Office "(1) A candidate for the presidential office shall be entitled to obtain donations and other gratuitous performance in support of his/‌her candidature only from natural persons with permanent residence on the territory of the Slovak Republic, from legal entities with registered office on the territory of the Slovak Republic or from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic.‌" Presidential candidates may not accept a donation or any other consideration free of charge for an election campaign a) state, Slovak Land Fund, municipality or higher territorial unit, b) a legal entity whose founder or founder is the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit, c) a legal entity in which the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit has an ownership interest, [...] e) a public institution or a legal person established by law, [...] (6) An independent candidate may not accept a donation or other free of charge performance for an election campaign from entities referred to in § 5para.4. (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. Source: § 5(4), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019) Source: § 6 (6), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019))
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?	No. Absent from legal framework
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?	No. Presidential candidates may receive private funding for his/‌her publicity campaign in the form of gifts and services free of charge, from permanent residents of the Slovak Republic, legal entities having their registered seat in the Slovak Republic and from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic.‌ (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll.)
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?	Yes. The party has the obligation to keep a separate record of donations and other non-refundable funds. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2015 Section 22(3))
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?	Yes. Specific rules exist for Presidential candidates, no ban on such donations. Section 18 Raising Funds for Promotion of Candidates for Presidential Office "(1) A candidate for the presidential office shall be entitled to obtain donations and other gratuitous performance in support of his/‌her candidature only from natural persons with permanent residence on the territory of the Slovak Republic, from legal entities with registered office on the territory of the Slovak Republic or from political parties and movements registered in the Slovak Republic.‌" Presidential candidates may not accept a donation or any other consideration free of charge for an election campaign a) state, Slovak Land Fund, municipality or higher territorial unit, b) a legal entity whose founder or founder is the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit, c) a legal entity in which the state, the Slovak Land Fund, a municipality or a higher territorial unit has an ownership interest, [...] e) a public institution or a legal person established by law, [...] (6) An independent candidate may not accept a donation or other free of charge performance for an election campaign from entities referred to in § 5para.4. (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. Source: § 5(4), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019) Source: § 6 (6), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (amended 2019))
Is there a ban on state resources being given to or received by political parties or candidates (excluding regulated public funding)?	Yes. State resources are not included in the list of allowed income: (1) Party income may result from: a) Incomes from member subscriptions b) Incomes from donations and other non-refundable funds c) Incomes from inheritances d) incomes from renting or selling movable and immovable assets e) Incomes from bank interests f) Percentage incomes from trade company’s business g) Dividends from traded securities h) Incomes from loans and credits i) Incomes from the state budget j) other income from legal relations and fulfillment of obligations under special regulations (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 22(1))
Is there a ban on any other form of donation?	Yes. c) Legal entities whose assets are partially held by the State, the Ownership Fund of the Slovak Republic, or by larger localities or territorial units; d) Civil associations, foundations, non-profit organizations performing community services, non-investment funds, legal entities shareholders, municipal associations, extraneity organizations e) Public institutions and other legal entities established by the law; (Law No. 85on Political Parties and Movements, 2005 (amended 2016) Section 24(c), (d) & (e) )
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific)?	Yes. (2)The party may receive a financial donation in cash from a donor only once during a calendar year, in amount of maximum euro 5000. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 24(2) & 31a(1))
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election?	No. Absent from legal framework
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?	No. Absent from legal framework
Public funding
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties	Yes. See sub-indicators
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of votes in previous election	Yes. (1) The party shall receive contributions for votes according to the individual regulation. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 26(1))
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Representation in elected body	Yes. Party’s contributions from the state budget are: a) Contributions for votes obtained after elections (hereinafter only « contributions for votes ») b) Contributions for activity c) Contributions per mandate. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 25)
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Participation in election	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Number of candidates	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of seats in previous election	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of votes in next election	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Registration as a political party	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of seats in next election	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Number of members	No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Other	Yes. 27 (1) Each party obtaining contributions for votes has the right to contributions for activity. 28(1) Depending on the number of mandates obtained within the National Council of the Slovak Republic, the party has the right to contribution for mandate in amount of: multiple of the average nominal monthly salary in the Slovak Republic, amount ascertained by the institution, for the calendar year previous to the year in which the elections took place (hereinafter the “average salary”). (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 27(1) & 28(1))
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties	Yes. See sub-indicators
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to votes received	Yes. Exclusively proportional. Ongoing funding; Part proportionate to votes won, part proportionate to seats. Campaign funding; proportionate to votes won in just concluded election (funds provided post-election). (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 27(2) & 28(1))
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Equal	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to seats received	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Flat rate by votes received	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Share of expenses reimbursed	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to candidates fielded	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Number of members	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Other	Yes. (2) The contribution for activity equals the total amount of the contribution for votes divided to 48. In the elections year maximum three parts of the amount shall be paid, and for each full year of mandate shall be paid 12 parts and in the year of the following elections the rest of the amount shall be paid. If the activity of the National Council of the Slovak Republic is concluded before the end of the mandate, the remained parts shall be decreased by the number of months the mandate was shortened. (1) Depending on the number of mandates obtained within the National Council of the Slovak Republic, the party has the right to contribution for mandate in amount of: multiple of the average nominal monthly salary in the Slovak Republic, amount ascertained by the institution, for the calendar year previous to the year in which the elections took place (hereinafter the “average salary”). For each obtained mandate, within the limit of 12 mandates, the party has the right to contribution for mandate in amount multiple of 30 of the average salary. For the twenty first mandate and for all following mandates, the party has the right to contribution for mandate in amount multiple of 20 of the average salary. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 27(2) & 28(1))
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties	Yes. See sub-indicators
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Campaign spending	No. Absent from legal framework
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Ongoing party activities	No. Absent from legal framework
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Intra-party institution	No. Absent from legal framework
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Other	Yes. Contributions from the state budget according to § 25 shall not be used by the party for: a) Loans or credits to natural persons or legal entities b) Silent partnership agreements, c) Business of the trade company established by the party or in which the party is sole shareholder d) Pledge on behalf of natural persons or legal entities e) Donations f) Payment of fines or other financial sanctions. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016, Section 29)
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties	Yes. See sub-indicators
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Equal	Yes. Art.10 (6). Slovak Radio, Slovak Television and any licensed broadcaster shall ensure to all political parties and candidate of the coalition of political parties equal conditions for the purchase of broadcasting time as well as equal price and payment conditions. (Article 10 (6), Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014)
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Number of candidates	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Share of seats	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Share of votes in preceding election	No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Other	No. Absent from legal framework
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?	Yes. Section 15, "(3) At the time of the campaign, each candidate shall have the same access to the mass media.‌ (4) For the campaign under Paragraph 1, the Slovak Radio and the Slovak Television shall reserve maximally one hour of the broadcasting time per candidate, and maximally 10 hours of the broadcasting time in total, in a manner securing that none of the candidates is disadvantages by determination of the broadcasting time.‌ Any claim to the broadcasting time must be filed at the latest five days before commencement of the campaign, otherwise it shall be forfeited.‌ The Slovak Television and the Slovak Radio shall secure a clear marking and separation of this broadcasting from other programmes.‌ (5) A licence holder for the radio or television broadcasting (hereinafter the “licence holder”) can reserve maximally one hour of the broadcasting time per candidate and maximally 10 hours of the broadcasting time in total.‌ Licence holders shall secure a clear marking and separation of this broadcasting time from other programmes by informing the public that this is a paid political advertising.‌ (6) Payment for use of the telecommunication means11) shall be provided to the Slovak Radio and the Slovak Television from the State budget of the Slovak Republic according to the extent of the broadcasting time provided under Paragraph 4.‌ "(7) The costs of the campaign in the radio and television broadcasting of licence holders shall be paid by candidates or political parties and political movements, which proposed them.‌ Licence holders shall be obliged to secure to all candidates the same conditions of purchase of the broadcasting time and the same prices and terms of payment.‌" (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll.)
Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?	Yes. See sub-indicators
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Premises for campaign meetings	No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Space for campaign materials	Yes. Art.16. In the capital of Slovakia Bratislava and in the city district of Kosice, general binding regulations shall designate spaces and determine the conditions for placing election posters in public places during the election campaign for elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, the elections to the European Parliament elections to bodies of self-governing regions and elections to municipal bodies. The designation must conply with the principle of equality for the contesting bodies. (Article 16, Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014)
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Tax relief	No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Free or subsidised transport	No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Free or subsidised postage cost	No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Other	No. Absent from legal framework
Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates?	No. Absent from legal framework
Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?	No. Absent from legal framework
Regulations on spending
Is there a ban on vote buying?	Yes. Vote buying was criminalized in 2011. (Criminal Code (300/2005 Coll.), § 336a ("Electoral corruption"))
Are there bans on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate?	Yes . The State Service Act requires state servants to be politically neutral. Additionally, the Election Campaign Act bans third-party campaigning and requires the public broadcaster to treat election contestants equally. (Articles 10 (1), 10 (2), 10 (4), and 10 (6), Election Campaign Act, 2014.)
Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?	Yes. A spending limit applies from the promulgation of elections until the election day. Limit of 12,000,000 SKK [around I$ 698,000] for political parties on advertising. Art. 3(1). Political parties and political movements may spend a maximum of EUR 3,000,000 in the elections of the National Council of the Slovak Republic and in the elections of the European Parliament. Art. 5 (1). The candidate for the President of the Slovak Republic [...] may spend a maximum of EUR 500,000 for their election campaign including the value added tax for both election rounds Art. 6 (1). Indipendent candidates may spend: a) for the function of President of the Regional Government a maximum of EUR 250,000; b) for the function of mayor of the Slovark capital Bratislava or of Kosice a maximum of EUR 250,000; c) for the function of mayor: 1) a maximum of EUR 100,000 in a city of 60,000 inhabitants; 2) a maximum of EUR 70,000 in a city of 30,001 to 60,000 inhabitants; 3) a maximum of EUR 50,000 in a city of 16,001 to 30,000 inhabitants; 4) a maximum of EUR 20,000 in a city of 10,001 to 16,000 inhabitants; 5) a maximum of EUR 10,000 in a city of 5,001 to 10,000 inhabitants; 6) a maximum of EUR 5,000 in a city of 2,001 to 5,000 inhabitants; 7) a maximum of EUR 2,000 in a city of 2,000 inhabitants. (Articles 3, 5 and 6, Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014)
Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?	Yes. Limit for presidential candidates is EUR 132.775 [I$ 233,000] (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. Section 16)
Reporting, oversight and sanctions
Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?	Yes. (1) The party has the obligation to draft the yearly report for the previous calendar year. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 30(1))
Do political parties have to report on their finances in relation to election campaigns?	Yes. (1) The party has the obligation to draft the yearly report for the previous calendar year. (m) an overview of the cost of an election campaign for each type of election that took place in the year in questionaccording to a special regulation, (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 30(1))
Do candidates have to report on their campaign finances?	Yes. Presidential candidates only. "A candidate for the presidential office shall be obliged to keep records of all donations obtained for his/her promotion and about their donors and to notify the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic in writing of the total amount of funds obtained for his/her promotion (Section 18 § 1), and of the total amount of money paid for his/her promotion (Section 16). In the written notification, the candidate for the presidential office shall state the name, surname, permanent residence and the value of a donation or gratuitous performance of each donor, in case that the donor is a natural person and the value of the donation exceeded 331 EUR, and the name, registered office and value of a donation or gratuitous performance of each donor, in case that the donor is a legal entity and the value of the donation exceeded 331 EUR." (Act of 18 March 1999 on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts, as amended by the Act No. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. )
Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?	Yes. (4) The party has the obligation to publish at each three months the list of donors on its website, within 30 days as of the end of each 3 months term. The list of donors must include the forenames, names and permanent domicile addresses of the donors in case of natural persons - contractor and trade name in case of legal entities, name or trade name and headquarters address and value of the financial donation. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 23(4))
Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?	Yes. (3) The party has the obligation to keep a separate record of donations and other non-refundable funds, including the date of receiving the donations or other non-refundable funds, the amounts and identification data of the donor or identification data of the contractual party that offered the non-refundable funds. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 23(2))
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Electoral Management Board	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Auditing agency	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Ministry	Yes. If the annual report does not contain the information referred to in paragraph 2, if the data are not complete or true, or if the annual report finds otherviolation of the law, the State Commission shall invite the party to remedy the deficiencies within the specified time, not later than 30 June. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 30(6))
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Special institution	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Court	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates: Other	Yes. The yearly report for the previous calendar year shall be submitted by the party to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, each year until April 30th. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 30(1))
Is it specified that a particular institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Court	No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Ministry	No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Auditing agency	No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Electoral Management Body	No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Institution for this purpose	Yes. If the annual report does not contain the information referred to in paragraph 2, if the data are not complete or true, or if the annual report finds otherviolation of the law, the State Commission on Election and Control of the Financing of Political Parties shall invite the party to remedy the deficiencies within the specified time, not later than 30 June. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 30(6))
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Other	No. Absent from legal framework
Other institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Court	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Ministry	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Auditing agency	Yes. The financial control for observing the conditions for granting the contributions from the state budget as well as their proper use shall be performed by the financial control administration. (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 32)
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: EMB	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Institution for this purpose	No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Other	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Fines	Yes. (1) The Ministry shall impose on the Party a fine from EUR 600 to EUR 3 500 if the Party fails to submit to the Ministry within the time limit referred to in Article 9 1, § 10 par. 1 a§ 11 par. 1 proposal to change the data entered in the registry of the parties and within the time limit pursuant to § 12 par. 2 a proposal for the registration of new statutes parties. The Ministry shall impose a fine on the party from EUR 600 to EUR 3500 if the Party or its Member has infringed Article 2 Second (2) The State Commission shall impose on the party a fine of EUR 3,500 if the party has not submitted an annual report within the time limit referred to in Article 30 l. (3) The State Commission shall impose on the party a fine of EUR 200 to EUR 2 000, unless the party has removed the deficiencies identified within the time limit under Article 30 6th (4) The State Commission shall impose on the party a fine of EUR 5,000 if it fails to fulfill the obligation under Article 22 5th (5) The State Commission shall impose a fine on the party in the amount of double the income from the donation or from any other gratuitous fulfillment if the party has accepted the giftor other gratuitous performance in violation of this law. (6) The State Commission shall impose a fine of EUR 5 000 on a legal person who fails to fulfill an obligation under Section 31a.(7) The fines referred to in paragraphs 1 to 6 may be imposed within two years from the date on which the Ministry or the State Commissionviolation of the law, but no later than three years from the day of the violation. (8) When imposing a fine and deciding on its amount, account shall be taken of the seriousness, the manner of proceedings and the duration of the unlawful situation.(9) An appeal can not be lodged against the decision of the State Commission (Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 Section 31(2))
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of public funding	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Penal/Criminal	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Forfeiture	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Deregistration of party	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of elected office	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Suspension of political party	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of nomination of candidate	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of political rights	No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Other	No. Absent from legal framework

Legislation

Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016 (Slovakian)	pdf
Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014 (Slovakian)	pdf
Act of 18 March 1999 on election of the president of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended by the Act no. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll. (English)	pdf
Criminal Code (300/2005 Coll.), amended 2016 (Slovakian)	pdf

*Last update: 2017

Financial Disclosure

The Slovakian Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2005) collects all financial disclosure legislation for all public officials. The same rules apply to the Head of State, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and Civil Servants. These must disclose real estate, movable assets, cash, debts and all income earned from public and private employment. The spouse and children are to be included in the financial disclosure. All public officials are expected to voice possible conflicts of interests as early as possible in the decision-making process. At the end of a one-year period after ending tenure, all public officials must submit a declaration on remaining possible conflicts of interests.

Public officials make their statements upon taking and leaving office, while updates are submitted annually. In case public officials submit their declarations too late, fail to make declarations, or submit false disclosure statements a fine may be imposed. The two latter cases can also lead to a removal from office. All public officials make their disclosure statements with a special committee of the National Council. This commmitte is also responsible for verifying the accuracy of submissions, and enforcing possible sanctions.

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Disclosure items	93	93	93	93	96	89
Filing frequency	75	75	75	75	75	100
Sanctions	100	100	100	100	100	100
Monitoring and Oversight	100	100	100	100	100	100
Public access to declarations	100	75	75	75	75	50
Alternative Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Head of State	94	89	89	89	89	88
Ministers	94	89	89	89	89	88
Members of Parliament	94	89	89	89	89	88
Civil servants	94	89	89	89	89	88

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Head of State
Disclosure items
Spouses and children included in disclosure	Yes. Declarations must include their economic standing and economic standing of their spouse and minors living in their household, including their personal data in the following way: first name, surname and address of their permanent residence. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income and Assets
Real estate	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her ownership of immovable property, including ownership of an apartment and non-residential space with an indication of its type, ownership share, cadastral area, title deed (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Movable assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her movable assets valued greater than 35 times the minimum wage must be declared. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cash	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her “ownership of proprietary right or other proprietary value,” including cash, whose aggregate value is greater than 35 times the minimum wage . (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Loans and Debts	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her debts whose value exceeds 35 times the minimum wage. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income from outside employment/assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or here arned income, including salaries from public office, and other offices or professions or activities. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official	Yes. The date, type and description of gift or other benefit accepted by the official, if the value of one gift/benefit or gifts/benefits from one donor exceed 10 times the minimum wage (i.e. exceeding 5 200€) must be included in the declarations. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function ust be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Holding government contracts	No. Absent from legal framework.
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Post-employment	Yes. The Public official shall, within 30 days of the end of the one-year-period following the end of public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year on any possible conflicts of interest, as outlined in the Article. (Article 5 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	No. Absent from legal framework.
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	Yes. The public official shall, in a discussion by an authority on a matter in which he/she has vested interest, declare his/her personal vested interest in the matter prior to making a statement in the discussion. (Article 6 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Filing frequency
Filing required upon taking office	Yes. A declaration must be made within 30 days of taking office . (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office	Yes. Any public official shall, within a period of 30 days of the end of the one-year-period of the end of performance of the public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year (Article 8 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019) )
Filing required annually	Yes. Declarations must be made annually by 31 March (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest	Yes. According to the incompatibility of jobs offices and activities (Article 5 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions
Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. A fine equal to one month’s wage may be levied for late filing after March The specific procedures for removal from office are described in articles 9 and 10 of this law. (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Non-filing may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to one month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Providing false information on an asset declaration may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to three month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Monitoring and Oversight
Depository body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council serves as depositary body (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Enforcement body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed to investigate (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify submission (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify acurrancy but its not mandatory (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Public access to declarations
Public availability	Yes. Declarations are publicly available on the website of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Timing of information release specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Location(s) of access specified	Yes. online (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cost of access specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Ministers
Disclosure items
Spouses and children included in disclosure	Yes. Declarations must include their economic standing and economic standing of their spouse and minors living in their household, including their personal data in the following way: first name, surname and address of their permanent residence. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income and Assets
Real estate	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her ownership of immovable property, including ownership of an apartment and non-residential space with an indication of its type, ownership share, cadastral area, title deed (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Movable assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her movable assets valued greater than 35 times the minimum wage must be declared. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cash	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her “ownership of proprietary right or other proprietary value,” including cash, whose aggregate value is greater than 35 times the minimum wage . (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Loans and Debts	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her debts whose value exceeds 35 times the minimum wage. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income from outside employment/assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or here arned income, including salaries from public office, and other offices or professions or activities. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official	Yes. The date, type and description of gift or other benefit accepted by the official, if the value of one gift/benefit or gifts/benefits from one donor exceed 10 times the minimum wage (i.e. exceeding 5 200€) must be included in the declarations. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function ust be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Holding government contracts	No. Absent from legal framework.
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Post-employment	Yes. The Public official shall, within 30 days of the end of the one-year-period following the end of public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year on any possible conflicts of interest, as outlined in the Article. (Article 5 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	No. Absent from legal framework.
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	Yes. The public official shall, in a discussion by an authority on a matter in which he/she has vested interest, declare his/her personal vested interest in the matter prior to making a statement in the discussion. (Article 6 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Filing frequency
Filing required upon taking office	Yes. A declaration must be made within 30 days of taking office . (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office	Yes. Any public official shall, within a period of 30 days of the end of the one-year-period of the end of performance of the public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year (Article 8 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019) )
Filing required annually	Yes. Declarations must be made annually by 31 March (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest	Yes. According to the incompatibility of jobs offices and activities (Article 5 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions
Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. A fine equal to one month’s wage may be levied for late filing after March The specific procedures for removal from office are described in articles 9 and 10 of this law. (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Non-filing may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to one month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Providing false information on an asset declaration may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to three month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Monitoring and Oversight
Depository body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council serves as depositary body (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Enforcement body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed to investigate (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify submission (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify acurrancy but its not mandatory (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Public access to declarations
Public availability	Yes. Declarations are publicly available on the website of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Timing of information release specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Location(s) of access specified	Yes. online (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cost of access specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Members of Parliament
Disclosure items
Spouses and children included in disclosure	Yes. Declarations must include their economic standing and economic standing of their spouse and minors living in their household, including their personal data in the following way: first name, surname and address of their permanent residence. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income and Assets
Real estate	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her ownership of immovable property, including ownership of an apartment and non-residential space with an indication of its type, ownership share, cadastral area, title deed (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Movable assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her movable assets valued greater than 35 times the minimum wage must be declared. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cash	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her “ownership of proprietary right or other proprietary value,” including cash, whose aggregate value is greater than 35 times the minimum wage . (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Loans and Debts	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her debts whose value exceeds 35 times the minimum wage. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income from outside employment/assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or here arned income, including salaries from public office, and other offices or professions or activities. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official	Yes. The date, type and description of gift or other benefit accepted by the official, if the value of one gift/benefit or gifts/benefits from one donor exceed 10 times the minimum wage (i.e. exceeding 5 200€) must be included in the declarations. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function ust be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Holding government contracts	No. Absent from legal framework.
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Post-employment	Yes. The Public official shall, within 30 days of the end of the one-year-period following the end of public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year on any possible conflicts of interest, as outlined in the Article. (Article 5 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	No. Absent from legal framework.
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	Yes. The public official shall, in a discussion by an authority on a matter in which he/she has vested interest, declare his/her personal vested interest in the matter prior to making a statement in the discussion. (Article 6 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Filing frequency
Filing required upon taking office	Yes. A declaration must be made within 30 days of taking office . (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office	Yes. Any public official shall, within a period of 30 days of the end of the one-year-period of the end of performance of the public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year (Article 8 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019) )
Filing required annually	Yes. Declarations must be made annually by 31 March (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest	Yes. According to the incompatibility of jobs offices and activities (Article 5 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions
Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. A fine equal to one month’s wage may be levied for late filing after March The specific procedures for removal from office are described in articles 9 and 10 of this law. (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Non-filing may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to one month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Providing false information on an asset declaration may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to three month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Monitoring and Oversight
Depository body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council serves as depositary body (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Enforcement body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed to investigate (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify submission (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify acurrancy but its not mandatory (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Public access to declarations
Public availability	Yes. Declarations are publicly available on the website of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Timing of information release specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Location(s) of access specified	Yes. online (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cost of access specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Civil servants
Disclosure items
Spouses and children included in disclosure	Yes. Declarations must include their economic standing and economic standing of their spouse and minors living in their household, including their personal data in the following way: first name, surname and address of their permanent residence. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income and Assets
Real estate	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her ownership of immovable property, including ownership of an apartment and non-residential space with an indication of its type, ownership share, cadastral area, title deed (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Movable assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her movable assets valued greater than 35 times the minimum wage must be declared. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cash	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her “ownership of proprietary right or other proprietary value,” including cash, whose aggregate value is greater than 35 times the minimum wage . (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Loans and Debts	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or her debts whose value exceeds 35 times the minimum wage. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Income from outside employment/assets	Yes. The public official is required to declare his or here arned income, including salaries from public office, and other offices or professions or activities. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official	Yes. The date, type and description of gift or other benefit accepted by the official, if the value of one gift/benefit or gifts/benefits from one donor exceed 10 times the minimum wage (i.e. exceeding 5 200€) must be included in the declarations. (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function ust be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Holding government contracts	No. Absent from legal framework.
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. What functions does it have in state bodies, in bodies of territorial self-government, in bodies of legal entities performing business activities and in bodies of other legal entities; it shall also state from which of the functions mentioned it receives income, functional or other benefits and the date from which it took up such a function must be declared (Article 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Post-employment	Yes. The Public official shall, within 30 days of the end of the one-year-period following the end of public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year on any possible conflicts of interest, as outlined in the Article. (Article 5 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	No. Absent from legal framework.
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	Yes. The public official shall, in a discussion by an authority on a matter in which he/she has vested interest, declare his/her personal vested interest in the matter prior to making a statement in the discussion. (Article 6 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Filing frequency
Filing required upon taking office	Yes. A declaration must be made within 30 days of taking office . (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office	Yes. Any public official shall, within a period of 30 days of the end of the one-year-period of the end of performance of the public office, submit a written declaration for the previous calendar year (Article 8 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019) )
Filing required annually	Yes. Declarations must be made annually by 31 March (Article 3 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest	Yes. According to the incompatibility of jobs offices and activities (Article 5 and 7 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions
Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. A fine equal to one month’s wage may be levied for late filing after March The specific procedures for removal from office are described in articles 9 and 10 of this law. (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Non-filing may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to one month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal)	Yes. Providing false information on an asset declaration may result in removal from office and/or a fine equal to three month’s wages after March (Article 9 and 10 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Monitoring and Oversight
Depository body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council serves as depositary body (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Enforcement body explicitly identified	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed to investigate (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify submission (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy	Yes. The special committee of the National Council is supposed verify acurrancy but its not mandatory (Article 7 and 9 of Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Public access to declarations
Public availability	Yes. Declarations are publicly available on the website of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Timing of information release specified	No. Absent from legal framework.
Location(s) of access specified	Yes. online (Article 7 Constitutional Act No. 357 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials (2004, last amended 2019))
Cost of access specified	No. Absent from legal framework.

Legislation

Law No. 357 of 2004_SLO, consolidated, last amended 2019.pdf (Slovak)

*Last update: 2017

Conflict of Interest

Slovakian legislation governing conflicts of interests is laid down in the Constitution (1992, amended in 2004), and in the Constitutional Act on Protection of Public Interest (2004, amended 2005). These laws apply the same limitations to the Head of State, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and Civil Servants. A general clause obliges public officials to generally avoid conflicts of interests. Moreover, accepting gifts, performing entrepreneurial activity in the private or public sector, and holding steering or advisory functions in a company is forbidden. Public officials may not take up employment with any organization that received financial contributions by the state for two years after ending tenure. Finally, public officials are prevented from mediating business contracts with any state-related organizations for themselves or for family members.

Violating regulations on conflicts of interests may lead to a loss of wages for up to twelve months, the loss of mandate, or imprisonment for up to twelve years. These sanctions may be applied to all public officials. There is no designated body to provide guidance or monitoring to public officials. All the while, the Committee of the National Council of the Slovak Republic functions as enforcement body for all public officials alike.

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Restrictions	85	85	85	85	75	70
Sanctions	67	67	67	67	100	58
Monitoring and Oversight	38	75	75	75	100	62
Alternative Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Head of State	69	52	52	52	90	62
Ministers	69	86	86	86	93	62
Members of Parliament	66	82	82	82	90	62
Civil servants	49	82	82	82	93	68

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Head of State
Restrictions
General restriction on conflict of interest	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official (here included the President of the Republic) is obliged to promote and protect the public interest. In the performance of his/her duties, a public official may not give priority to personal interest over public interest, and must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (a) and 4)
Accepting gifts	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. For this purpose, the public official may not solicit gifts, receive gifts, induce others to give gifts, or obtain other benefits in connection with the exercise of their functions. This does not apply to gifts normally provided in the exercise of public office or gifts provided by law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (a) and 4 (2) (b))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. The President may not perform any other paid function, profession or business activity and may not be a member of the body of a legal entity that carries out business activity. Additionally, public officials must submit, within 30 days of taking up office and continuously during their term, a declaration on their functions, occupations, activities and assets, which should include information on ownership of shares. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 103 (5) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 4 (2) (e) and 7 (1) (4))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Holding government contracts	Yes. The President may not perform any other paid function, profession or business activity and may not be a member of the body of a legal entity that carries out business activity. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 103 (5) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. The President may not perform any other paid function, profession or business activity and may not be a member of the body of a legal entity that carries out business activity. Additionally, a public official may not be a statutory body or a member of a statutory body, a member of the management or supervisory body of a legal person established for the performance of business activities, except for the general meeting and the membership meeting. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 103 (5) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Post-employment	Yes. A public official who, in the period of two years before the end of the term of office, has decided to grant state aid or to grant or authorize other support, benefits or waivers of obligations arising from generally binding legal regulations or individual legal acts to natural or legal persons, is prohibited, from the end of his/her term of office: (a) from being employed or having a similar employment relationship with those persons if his/her monthly remuneration in that employment is more than 10 times the minimum wage; (b) from being a member of the management or supervisory body of those persons; (c) from being a partner, member or shareholder of those persons; d) from having a contract of power of attorney, a mandate agreement, a commission agreement, a mediation agreement, an agency agreement, a silent partnership agreement or a donation agreement with such persons; e) from concluding a contract, the content of which is the right to act on behalf of those persons. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 8)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	Yes. If a member of the National Council of the Slovak Republic, a member of the Government of the Slovak Republic, a judge, a prosecutor, a member of the armed forces or an armed corps, the chairman and vice-chairman of the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic is elected president, s/he shall cease to hold office. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 103 (4))
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	No. Absent from legal framework.
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Sanctions
Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. The President faces fines from one to twelve months worth of wages for not complying with regulations restricting conflict of interest. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (10))
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. The President faces loss of mandate if the committee in charge of carrying out proceedings for the protection of the public interest and the avoidance of a conflict of interests decides, with finality, that he/she has failed to meet or breached an obligation or restriction laid down by Law No. 357 of 2004, or stated incomplete or incorrect data in the declaration of conflict of interest. Additionally, if the decision states that a public official performs a function, employment or activity that is incompatible with the performance of a public function under the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Law No. 357 of 2004 or other applicable legislation, the decision shall include the obligation to immediately terminate such function, employment or activity. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (6) (7) (8))
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	No. The president can only be prosecuted for intentional violation of the constitution or for treason. The National Council of the Slovak Republic decides on the indictment of the President by a three-fifths majority of all deputies. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 107)
Monitoring and Oversight
Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings)	Yes. Proceedings regarding a petition in a matter concerning protection of public interest and prevention of conflict of interest shall be conducted by the Committee of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (a))
Ministers
Restrictions
General restriction on conflict of interest	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official (here included Members of the Government, i.e. Ministers) is obliged to promote and protect the public interest. In the performance of his/her duties, a public official may not give priority to personal interest over public interest, and must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (c) and 4)
Accepting gifts	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. For this purpose, the public official may not solicit gifts, receive gifts, induce others to give gifts, or obtain other benefits in connection with the exercise of their functions. This does not apply to gifts normally provided in the exercise of public office or gifts provided by law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (c) and 4 (2) (b))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. The performance of the function of a member of the Government is incompatible with the performance of a parliamentary mandate, with the performance of a function in another public authority, with a civil service relationship, employment or similar employment relationship, business activity, membership in the management or supervisory body of a legal entity, activity or other economic or gainful activity, except for the administration of one's own property and scientific, pedagogical, literary or artistic activity. Additionally, public officials must submit, within 30 days of taking up office and continuously during their term, a declaration on their functions, occupations, activities and assets, which should include information on ownership of shares. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 109 (2) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 4 (2) (e) and 7 (1) (4))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Holding government contracts	Yes. The performance of the function of a member of the Government is incompatible with the performance of a parliamentary mandate, with the performance of a function in another public authority, with a civil service relationship, employment or similar employment relationship, business activity, membership in the management or supervisory body of a legal entity, activity or other economic or gainful activity, except for the administration of one's own property and scientific, pedagogical, literary or artistic activity. More generally, a public official may not conduct business. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 109 (2) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. The performance of the function of a member of the Government is incompatible with the performance of a parliamentary mandate, with the performance of a function in another public authority, with a civil service relationship, employment or similar employment relationship, business activity, membership in the management or supervisory body of a legal entity, activity or other economic or gainful activity, except for the administration of one's own property and scientific, pedagogical, literary or artistic activity. Additionally, a public official may not be a statutory body or a member of a statutory body, a member of the management or supervisory body of a legal person established for the performance of business activities, except for the general meeting and the membership meeting. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 109 (2) Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Post-employment	Yes. A public official who, in the period of two years before the end of the term of office, has decided to grant state aid or to grant or authorize other support, benefits or waivers of obligations arising from generally binding legal regulations or individual legal acts to natural or legal persons, is prohibited, from the end of his/her term of office: (a) from being employed or having a similar employment relationship with those persons if his/her monthly remuneration in that employment is more than 10 times the minimum wage; (b) from being a member of the management or supervisory body of those persons; (c) from being a partner, member or shareholder of those persons; d) from having a contract of power of attorney, a mandate agreement, a commission agreement, a mediation agreement, an agency agreement, a silent partnership agreement or a donation agreement with such persons; e) from concluding a contract, the content of which is the right to act on behalf of those persons. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 8)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	Yes. The performance of the function of a member of the Government is incompatible with the performance of a parliamentary mandate, with the performance of a function in another public authority, with a civil service relationship, employment or similar employment relationship, business activity, membership in the management or supervisory body of a legal entity, activity or other economic or gainful activity, except for the administration of one's own property and scientific, pedagogical, literary or artistic activity. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 109 (2))
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	No. Absent from legal framework.
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Sanctions
Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. Ministers face fines from one to twelve months worth of wages for not complying with regulations restricting conflict of interest. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (10))
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. Ministers faces loss of mandate if the committee in charge of carrying out proceedings for the protection of the public interest and the avoidance of a conflict of interests decides, with finality, that he/she has failed to meet or breached an obligation or restriction laid down by Law No. 357 of 2004, or stated incomplete or incorrect data in the declaration of conflict of interest. Additionally, if the decision states that a public official performs a function, employment or activity that is incompatible with the performance of a public function under the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Law No. 357 of 2004 or other applicable legislation, the decision shall include the obligation to immediately terminate such function, employment or activity. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (6) (7) (8))
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	No. Absent from legal framework.
Monitoring and Oversight
Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings)	Yes. Proceedings regarding a petition in a matter concerning protection of public interest and prevention of conflict of interest shall be conducted by the Committee of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (a))
Members of Parliament
Restrictions
General restriction on conflict of interest	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official (here included Members of the National Council of the Slovak Republic, i.e. Members of Parliament) is obliged to promote and protect the public interest. In the performance of his/her duties, a public official may not give priority to personal interest over public interest, and must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (b) and 4 Rules of Procedure of the National Council of the Slovak Republic of 1996 (as of 2020), § 9)
Accepting gifts	Yes. In the performance of his/her function, a public official must refrain from anything that may be in conflict with the law. For this purpose, the public official may not solicit gifts, receive gifts, induce others to give gifts, or obtain other benefits in connection with the exercise of their functions. This does not apply to gifts normally provided in the exercise of public office or gifts provided by law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 2 (1) (b) and 4 (2) (b))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	Yes. Public officials must submit, within 30 days of taking up office and continuously during their term, a declaration on their functions, occupations, activities and assets, which should include information on ownership of shares. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Arts. 4 (2) (e) and 7 (1) (4))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Holding government contracts	Yes. Public officials may not conduct business; this shall not apply to the conduct of a profession which may only be performed by a natural person under conditions stipulated by law. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. A public official may not be a statutory body or a member of a statutory body, a member of the management or supervisory body of a legal person established for the performance of business activities, except for the general meeting and the membership meeting. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 5 (2))
Post-employment	Yes. A public official who, in the period of two years before the end of the term of office, has decided to grant state aid or to grant or authorize other support, benefits or waivers of obligations arising from generally binding legal regulations or individual legal acts to natural or legal persons, is prohibited, from the end of his/her term of office: (a) from being employed or having a similar employment relationship with those persons if his/her monthly remuneration in that employment is more than 10 times the minimum wage; (b) from being a member of the management or supervisory body of those persons; (c) from being a partner, member or shareholder of those persons; d) from having a contract of power of attorney, a mandate agreement, a commission agreement, a mediation agreement, an agency agreement, a silent partnership agreement or a donation agreement with such persons; e) from concluding a contract, the content of which is the right to act on behalf of those persons. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 8)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	Yes. The office of Member is incompatible with the performance of the duties of Judge, Prosecutor, Ombudsman, Member of the Armed Forces, Member of the Armed Forces and Member of the European Parliament. If a deputy has been appointed a member of the Government of the Slovak Republic, his or her mandate as a deputy does not expire during the performance of this function, it only does not apply. (Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (as of 2020), Art. 77)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	No. Absent from legal framework.
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector	No. Absent from legal framework.
Sanctions
Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. A Member of Parliament face fines from one to twelve months worth of wages for not complying with regulations restricting conflict of interest. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (10))
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. A Member of Parliament faces loss of mandate if the committee in charge of carrying out proceedings for the protection of the public interest and the avoidance of a conflict of interests decides, with finality, that he/she has failed to meet or breached an obligation or restriction laid down by Law No. 357 of 2004, or stated incomplete or incorrect data in the declaration of conflict of interest. Additionally, if the decision states that a public official performs a function, employment or activity that is incompatible with the performance of a public function under the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Law No. 357 of 2004 or other applicable legislation, the decision shall include the obligation to immediately terminate such function, employment or activity. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (6) (7) (8))
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	No. Absent from legal framework.
Monitoring and Oversight
Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings)	Yes. Proceedings regarding a petition in a matter concerning protection of public interest and prevention of conflict of interest shall be conducted by the Committee on Incompatibilities of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. (Law No. 357 of 2004 on the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of the Functions by Public Officials (as of 2020), Art. 9 (1) (a) Rules of Procedure of the National Council of the Slovak Republic of 1996 (as of 2020), § 58)
Civil Servants
Restrictions
General restriction on conflict of interest	Yes. In the performance of his/her civil service, a civil servant acts exclusively in the public interest and refrains from any action which could lead to a conflict of public interest with his personal interests. (Code of Ethics for Civil Servants of 2019 (as of 2020), § 4 Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 5)
Accepting gifts	Yes. A civil servant shall not accept or solicit gifts or other benefits that may influence or give the appearance of an influence on his or her conduct and decision-making, or that may be considered as remuneration for the performance of his or her duties. A civil servant may accept gifts or other benefits provided by the service office and gifts or other benefits provided in official negotiations and meetings related to the performance of the civil service, which may not affect the performance of his/her duties. (Code of Ethics for Civil Servants of 2019 (as of 2020), § 7 Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 112 (1) (b) (c))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings	No. Absent from legal framework.
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)	No. Absent from legal framework.
Holding government contracts	Yes. A civil servant may not: a) do business; b) perform any other gainful activity which is identical or similar to the activity stated in the description of his/her civil service post - other gainful activity means an activity which establishes a right to income taxed according to special regulation; and c) be a member of management bodies or supervisory bodies of legal entities carrying out business activities, except for the general meeting and the membership meeting. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 112 (2))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm	Yes. A civil servant may not: a) do business; b) perform any other gainful activity which is identical or similar to the activity stated in the description of his/her civil service post - other gainful activity means an activity which establishes a right to income taxed according to special regulation; and c) be a member of management bodies or supervisory bodies of legal entities carrying out business activities, except for the general meeting and the membership meeting. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 112 (2))
Post-employment	No. Absent from legal framework.
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position	Yes. A function incompatible with the performance of the civil service is the function of: Member of the European Parliament, Member of the National Council, President, member of the Government, Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic, the Chairman of the Supreme Audit Office, Vice-Chairman of the Supreme Audit Office, member of the Bank Board of the National Bank of Slovakia, Mayor, the chairman of a higher territorial unit, a member of the municipal council released on a long-term basis, or a member of the council of a higher territorial unit who has been vacated for a long time. Leave to perform a function incompatible with the performance of the civil service shall be granted for the period of performance of duties arising from the function. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 102 (2) (3))
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests	Yes. A civil servant is obliged to notify the service office, without undue delay, of any actual or potential conflict of interest. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 111 (2) (c))
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector	Yes. A civil servant shall act impartially, in particular s/he: 1. acts and decides objectively and professionally, proposes or adopts solutions always in accordance with the public interest; 2. does not allow him/herself to be influenced in his/her actions and decisions by positive or negative relations with a specific natural person or legal entity; 3. does not favor any natural or legal person; 4. does not abuse his/her position in the civil service to obtain an advantage for him/herself or another natural or legal person or to cause a disadvantage for others. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 111 (1) (d) Code of Ethics for Civil Servants of 2019 (as of 2020), § 3 (2))
Sanctions
Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	No. Absent from legal framework.
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	Yes. A civil servant is responsible for a breach of official discipline, which is a non-fulfillment or breach of obligations or restrictions arising from Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service, which apply to the performance of civil service, if their non-fulfillment or breach occurred in connection with the performance of civil service. A distinction is made according to the degree of seriousness of the breach of official discipline less serious breach of professional discipline, serious breach of professional discipline. Penalties ranged from a warning to termination of public office. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), §§ 117, 118 and 119)
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior	No. Absent from legal framework.
Monitoring and Oversight
Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking)	Yes. The Service Office develops and supports the ethical behavior of civil servants and incorporates the application of the Code of Ethics in all areas of civil servant management. Additionally, the Council/Board supervises compliance with the principles of the civil service and the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants. (Code of Ethics for Civil Servants of 2019 (as of 2020), § 8 (2) Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 14)
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings)	Yes. Violations of the official's official discipline shall be assessed by the Secretary-General on his own initiative or at the request of the Chief Executive. The staff member may submit a proposal under the first sentence to the Secretary-General within 15 days of becoming aware of the breach of official discipline. (Law No. 55 of 2017 on Civil Service (as of 2020), § 118 (1))

Legislation

Constitution of the Republic of Slovakia of 1992 (Slovak)	pdf
Law No. 357 of 2004 on the protection of the public interest in the performance of the functions of public officials (Slovak)	pdf
Rules of Procedure of the National Council of the Slovak Republic of 1996 (Slovak)	pdf
Code of Ethics for Civil Servants of 2019 (Slovak)	pdf

*Last update: 2017

Freedom of Information

The freedom of information regime in Slovakia is established by Act 211/2000 on free access to information (2000, amended 2005). The FOI law applies to state agencies, municipalities, as well as legal entities and natural persons that have been given the power by law to make decisions on the rights and obligations in the area of public administration.

Specific exemptions to disclosure are outlined in the aforementioned FOI law, Act No. 251/2004 on the protection of classified information (2004), and Act No. 122/2013 on the protection of personal data (2013). No public interest test exists whereby exemptions to disclosure may be overridden in cases where disclosure of information benefits the public interest.

Appeals may be filed with public authorities and with the courts. There is no appeals process through an independent non-judicial mechanism, such as an information commissioner.

Fines and administrative sanctions may be imposed by a district office for violations of FOI provisions, but there are no oversight bodies tasked with managing implementation.

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024
Scope and Coverage	82	82	82	82	82	93
Information access and release	100	100	100	100	100	100
Exceptions and Overrides	100	100	100	100	100	67
Sanctions for non-compliance	33	33	33	33	33	67
Monitoring and Oversight	83	83	83	83	83	17

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Scope and Coverage
Scope of disclosure
Existence of legal right to access	Yes. Everyone has the right to access information held by obliged entities. The right to access information does not apply to information that is not available, in particular to the creation of interpretative opinions, analyses, reports, expert opinions, political positions, forecasts and interpretations of legal regulations and the formation of opinions. (Article I, section 3 (1) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
"Information" or "Documents" is defined	Yes. Information is any content in any form recorded on any material medium, in particular the content of a written record in paper form, the content of a written record stored in electronic form or the content of a record in sound, image or audiovisual form //////// The obliged entity pursuant to Section 2(3) shall only disclose information on the management of public funds, the management of state property, property of a higher territorial unit or property of a municipality, the environment, 3a ) tasks or professional services relating to the environment and the content, performance and activities carried out on the basis of a concluded contract. This limitation of the obligation to disclose information shall not apply to the obliged entities pursuant to Section 2(3 ) in which the obliged entities pursuant to Section 2(1) and (2) have, individually or jointly, an exclusive direct or indirect participation. (Article I, section 3 (2) and Section 4 (3) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Proactive disclosure is specified	Yes. Article 1, Section 5 of Act 211/2000 has provisions that oblige the authorities to publish information proactively (Article 1, Section 5 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Coverage of public and private sectors
Executive branch	Yes. (1) The persons obliged to provide access to information under this Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Obliged persons”) shall be state agencies, municipalities, as well as legal entities and natural persons that have been given the power by law to make decisions on the rights and obligations of natural persons or legal entities in the area of public administration, and that only within the scope of their decision-making power. (2) Legal entities established by law and legal entities established by state agency or municipality under a special law shall also be the obliged persons. (Article I, section 2 (1) and (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Legislative branch	Yes. (1) The persons obliged to provide access to information under this Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Obliged persons”) shall be state agencies, municipalities, as well as legal entities and natural persons that have been given the power by law to make decisions on the rights and obligations of natural persons or legal entities in the area of public administration, and that only within the scope of their decision-making power. (2) Legal entities established by law and legal entities established by state agency or municipality under a special law shall also be the obliged persons. (Article I, section 2 (1) and (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Judicial branch	Yes. (1) The persons obliged to provide access to information under this Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Obliged persons”) shall be state agencies, municipalities, as well as legal entities and natural persons that have been given the power by law to make decisions on the rights and obligations of natural persons or legal entities in the area of public administration, and that only within the scope of their decision-making power. (2) Legal entities established by law and legal entities established by state agency or municipality under a special law shall also be the obliged persons. (Article I, section 2 (1) and (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Other public bodies	Yes. (1) The persons obliged to provide access to information under this Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Obliged persons”) shall be state agencies, municipalities, as well as legal entities and natural persons that have been given the power by law to make decisions on the rights and obligations of natural persons or legal entities in the area of public administration, and that only within the scope of their decision-making power. (2) Legal entities established by law and legal entities established by state agency or municipality under a special law shall also be the obliged persons. (Article I, section 2 (1) and (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Private sector	Yes. Obligated persons are also legal persons if the obligated persons according to paragraphs 1 and 2 have, individually or jointly, at least a majority direct or indirect participation in them, and if at the same time a) are controlled by an obliged entity pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2, or b) the obliged entity pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 directly or indirectly proposes or appoints more than half of the members of their management body or supervisory body. (Article I, section 2 (3) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Access to specific documents (subject to reactive and/or proactive disclosure)
Draft legal instruments	Yes. The National Council and other administrative bodies are required to publish drafts of their legal instruments. (Article I, Section 5 (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 Articles 9 and 13 of the Legislative Rules of the Slovak Government, 2016)
Enacted legal instruments	Yes. The National Council and other administrative bodies are required to disclose enacted acts. All legal acts of general application and international treaties must be published in the Collection of Laws. (Article I, Section 5 (2) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 Act No. 1/1993 Coll. on Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic, 1993, amended 2009)
Annual budgets	Yes. The Ministry of Finance is ordered to publish the State Budget. (Section 6 of the Act No. 523/2004 Coll. on Budget Rules of Public Administration, 2004, amended 2016)
Annual chart of accounts (actual expenditures)	Yes. The obliged entity shall publish on its website, if it has one, in a structured and clear form, in particular the following data: a) about the executed order for goods, services and works 1. order identification data, if the obligated person keeps a list of orders, 2. description of the ordered performance, 3. the total value of the ordered service in the amount stated in the order or the maximum estimated value of the ordered service, as well as information on whether the amount is inclusive of value added tax or exclusive of value added tax, 4. contract identification, if the order is related to a contract subject to mandatory disclosure, 5. date of order placement, 6. Identification data of the supplier of the ordered service: 6a. name and surname of a natural person, business name of a natural person-entrepreneur or business name or title of a legal entity, 6b. the permanent residence address of a natural person, the place of business of a natural person-entrepreneur or the registered office of a legal entity, 6c. identification number, if assigned by the supplier of the ordered service, 7. data about the natural person who signed the order: 7a. name and surname of the natural person, 7b. the function of the natural person, if such a function exists, b) about invoices for goods, services and works 1. invoice identification data, if the obligated person keeps an invoice code list, 2. description of the invoiced service, as stated on the invoice, 3. the total value of the invoiced service in the amount stated on the invoice, as well as an indication of whether the amount is inclusive of value added tax or exclusive of value added tax, 4. contract identification, if the invoice is related to a contract subject to mandatory disclosure, 5. order identification, if the invoice is related to the order, 6. invoice delivery date, 7. Identification data of the supplier of the invoiced service: 7a. name and surname of a natural person, business name of a natural person-entrepreneur or business name or title of a legal entity, 7b. the permanent residence address of a natural person, the place of business of a natural person-entrepreneur or the registered office of a legal entity, 7c. identification number, if assigned to the supplier of the invoiced service. (Article I, section 5b (1) of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024)
Annual reports of public entities and programs	No. Absent from legal framework
Information access and release
Procedural access
Universal access (agencies, citizens and non-citizens)	Yes. (1) An applicant shall mean any natural or legal person making request for access to information. (Article I, Section 4 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Type of request is specified (written, electronic, oral)	Yes. Basic guidelines are provided for requesting access to information (Article I, Sections 5, 14, and 16 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Assistance to requesters must be provided by law (includes barriers due to language differences, illiteracy, complexity of requests, etc.)	Yes. (3) In the event that the request fails to meet the requirements stipulated in paragraph 2, the obliged person shall invite the applicant without any delay to complete the request within a period of not less than seven days. The obliged person shall instruct the applicant how to complete the request. If the applicant fails to complete the request in spite of the obliged person ́s notice and information cannot be provided due to this imperfection, the obliged person shall set the request aside. (Article I, Section 14 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Cost of access is specified (free, request fees, photocopying costs, other administrative costs)	Yes. Information shall be provided free of charge, with the exception of payments for making copies. (Article I, Sections 5 and 21 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Deadlines for release of information
20-day response deadline	Yes. The official that is legally bound respond to requests shall do so no later than ten days after the request is made. (Article I, Section 17 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Agency granted right to extend response time	Yes. The official that is legally bound to respond to requests can extend the deadline for disclosing requested information if there is a serious reason to do so. The extension should not be longer than 10 working days. Public sector bodies can extend the response time by another 20 working days. (Article I, Sections 2 & 17 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Maximum total response time of no more than 40 days	Yes. The maximum total response time accounts for twenty working days. (Article I, Section 17 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Exceptions and Overrides
Exemptions to disclosure
Existence of secrecy/states secrets law	Yes. Act No. 251/2004 on the protection of classified information (Act No. 251/2004 on the protection of classified information, amended 2024)
Existence of personal privacy/data law	Yes. Act No. 18/2018 Coll. on Protection of Personal Data ( Act No. 18/2018 Coll. on Protection of Personal Data)
Specific exemptions to disclosure	Yes. There are specific exemptions to the coverage of free access to information. They include information that implicates bank secrets, certain tax secrets, individuals’ personal data, trade secrets, state secrets, confidential third-party disclosures, intellectual property rights, certain environmental information, foreign policy and international agreements, public health or culture, public supervision or inspection, courts’ decision-making process, or officials’ supervisory duties, among others. Exemptions also include: information pertaining to investigations, postal secrecy, telecommunication secrecy, and classified information. (Article I, Sections 8 through 11 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Public Interest test: Specified exemptions to disclosure may be overridden in cases where disclosure of information benefits the public interest.	No. Absent from legal framework
Appeals
Appeals allowed within public entities	Yes. The law stipulates the right and procedure for appeals against decisions of administrative authorities. (Article I, Section 19 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Independent, non-judicial appeals mechanism, e.g., information commissioner. Does not include Ombudsman unless appeals decisions are binding.	No. Absent from legal framework
Judicial appeals mechanism	Yes. A decision rejecting a request for information can be examined in legal proceedings under the Code of Civil Proceedings. (Article I, Section 19 of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Sanctions for non-compliance
Administrative sanctions are specified for violations of disclosure requirements	Yes. An offense committed against the freedom of information can be sanctioned by banning the relevant activity for up to two years. (Article I, Section 42a of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Fines are specified for violations of disclosure requirements	Yes. An offense committed against the freedom information can be sanctioned by a fine of up to SKK 50,000. (Article I, Section 42a of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Criminal sanctions are specified for violations of disclosure requirements	No. Absent from legal framework
Monitoring and Oversight
Information officers must be appointed in public agencies	No. Absent from legal framework
Public body that is responsible for applying sanctions	Yes. (5) The offences under this Act shall be heard by a district office. (Article I, Section 21a of Act 211/2000 on free access to information, 2000, amended 2024 )
Public body that is responsible for public outreach (raising public awareness)	No. Absent from legal framework
Nodal agency for RTI (implementation support/compliance within public sector). Does not include Ombudsman.	No. Absent from legal framework
Ombudsman involvement in implementation is specified by law	No. Absent from legal framework
Reporting of data and/or implementation is required	No. Absent from legal framework

Legislation

Act No. 211 on Free Access to Information of 2000_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf
Act No. 214 on the Protection of Classified Information of 2004_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf
Act No. 18 on Personal Data Protection of 2018_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf
Legislative Rules of the Slovak Government of 2016_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf
Act No. 400 on Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic of 2015_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf
Act. No. 523 on Budget Rules of Public Administration of 2004_SLO (Slovakian)	pdf

*Last update: 2017

Public Procurement

The Slovakian public procurement system is regulated primarily by the Public Contracts Act (2011 and 2016). The public procurement body is the Office for Public Procurement which is an organization under the Ministry of Interior.

The lowest minimum thresholds for conducting a public procurement tender are:

▪         EUR 20,000 for goods

▪         EUR 70,000 for works

▪         EUR 20,000 for services

There is no minimum number of bidders in restricted or negotiated procedures. The minimum submission period is 35 days for open procedures, 30 days for restricted procedures and 30 for negotiated procedures from dispatch date. The final beneficial owners have to be disclosed when placing a bid.

There are options for preferential treatment: local companies can be advantaged and sustainability issues can be also considered. Bids can be also excluded because of abnormally low bid prices.

In the bid evaluation phase, there are conflict of interest restrictions on the composition of the evaluation committee. However, no form of independence of the contracting authority is mandated for the evaluation committee.

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024
Scope	99	100	100	95	80
Information availability	100	100	100	50	97
Evaluation	75	75	75	44	88
Open competition	50	44	44	56	75
Institutional arrangements	43	43	43	43	100

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Scope
Threshold - lowest PP
What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type GOODS)	EUR 50,000. Act does not apply below EUR 50,000; low-value procedure between EUR 50,000 and EUR 70,000; below-limits national procedure between EUR 70,000 and EU threshold; full EU procedures above EU threshold from 1 January 2024. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type WORKS)	EUR 50,000. Act does not apply below EUR 50,000; low-value procedure between EUR 50,000 and EUR 180,000; below-limits national procedure between EUR 180,000 and EU threshold; full EU procedures above EUR 5,538,000 from 1 January 2024; new mandatory procedure for below-threshold works above EUR 1,500,000. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type SERVICES)	EUR 50,000. Same structure as goods for standard services; Annex No. 1 services (social and special services) have a higher below-limits trigger of EUR 260,000; light-touch regime for social services applies above EU threshold. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
Threshold - by PP type
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: PUBLIC SECTOR)	EUR 50,000. Classical contracting authorities: Act does not apply below EUR 50,000; low-value procedures between EUR 50,000 and EUR 70,000/180,000; below-limits national procedures between EUR 70,000/180,000 and EU threshold; full EU procedures above EU threshold. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14), 5 and 108–118; Decree 428/2019 Coll.)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: UTILITIES)	EUR 50,000. Utilities entities (water, energy, transport, postal services) follow the same domestic threshold structure; the EU utilities threshold for goods/services is updated to EUR 443,000 from 1 January 2024; works threshold EUR 5,538,000. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 5(3)(6)(7)(8), 84 and 100; Decree 428/2019 Coll.)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: DEFENCE)	EUR 260,000. A sub-threshold defence/security contract is one whose estimated value falls below EU thresholds but is equal to or higher than EUR 260,000 (supply/service) or EUR 800,000 (works); below those values, contracting authorities must ensure economy, equal treatment and non-discrimination, and keep records for 10 years; EU defence threshold updated to EUR 443,000 (goods/services) from 1 January 2024. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 5(5) and 139; Decree 428/2019 Coll.)
Threshold - by product type
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type GOODS)	EUR 50,000. Act does not apply below EUR 50,000; low-value procedure between EUR 50,000 and EUR 70,000; below-limits national procedure between EUR 70,000 and EU threshold; full EU procedures above EU threshold from 1 January 2024. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type WORKS)	EUR 50,000. Act does not apply below EUR 50,000; low-value procedure between EUR 50,000 and EUR 180,000; below-limits national procedure between EUR 180,000 and EU threshold; full EU procedures above EUR 5,538,000 from 1 January 2024; new mandatory procedure for below-threshold works above EUR 1,500,000. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type SERVICES)	EUR 50,000. Same structure as goods for standard services; Annex No. 1 services (social and special services) have a higher below-limits trigger of EUR 260,000; light-touch regime for social services applies above EU threshold. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 1(14) and 5)
Information availability
Publishing and record keeping
Is there a requirement that tender documents must published in full?	Yes. The contracting authority shall publish documents necessary for the preparation of the tender and for proving the fulfilment of conditions for participation in the buyer's profile and provide unrestricted, full and direct access to them free of charge by electronic means from the date of publication of the contract notice; exceptions apply to documents under § 64 para. 2 (e.g. security-sensitive information). (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 43 and 64)
Are any of these documents published online at a central place?	Yes. UVO buyer's profiles: https://www.uvo.gov.sk/vyhladavanie-profilov-4db.html; EVO electronic system: https://evo.gov.sk; OJEU/TED for above-threshold procedures. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 148(3))
Is it mandatory to keep all of these records? -Public notices of bidding opportunities, -Bidding documents and addenda, -Bid opening records, -Bid evaluation reports, -Formal appeals by bidders and outcomes, -Final signed contract documents and addenda and amendments, -Claims and dispute resolutions, -Final payments, -Disbursement data (as required by the country’s financial management system)	Yes. The contracting authority must document the entire course of public procurement with emphasis on the reviewability of decisions at all stages, regardless of communication means; complete documentation kept for 10 years from dispatch of the notice of the result; copy of the contract kept throughout its duration; written justification for below-threshold contracts kept for 10 years from conclusion. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 24(1)(4) and 64; Freedom of Information Act 211/2000 Coll., §§ 5a and 5b)
Are contracts awarded within a framework agreement published (ie mini contracts)?	Yes. The contracting authority is not obliged to send notices for each individual contract concluded under a framework agreement; however, they shall send to UVO notifications of the outcome of procurement under framework agreements in bulk for each calendar quarter within 30 days of the end of the quarter. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 26(5), 64 and 83; Freedom of Information Act 211/2000 Coll., § 5a)
Sub-contracting
Is it mandatory to publish information on subcontractors (ie names) in some cases?	Yes. The contracting authority/entity shall require in the tender documents or concession documentation that the successful tenderer states the details of all known subcontractors and the person authorised to act on their behalf, in their tender and/or in the contract at the latest at the time of its conclusion; tenders and contracts are published on the contracting authority's buyer's profile; beneficial ownership data is publicly accessible at the UVO register. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 11, 41(3) and 64(1))
If yes, what is the threshold for publication (i.e. the % of total contract value subcontracted)? For example, if the threshold is 75%, and you have subcontracted out only 40% of your contract, no disclosure is required. Consultant will insert 75% in the short answer column.	0%. Regardless of the subcontractors' share, the successful tenderer must disclose all known subcontractors' details; no percentage threshold triggers or exempts disclosure. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 11 and 41(3))
Evaluation
Preferential treatment
Is there a ban on mentioning specific companies or brands in tender specification/call for tender?	Yes. Technical requirements may not refer to a specific manufacturer, manufacturing process, trade name, patent, type, region or place of origin or manufacture if this would disadvantage or exclude certain candidates or goods, unless the subject of the contract so requires; such reference shall be accompanied by the words "or equivalent". (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 42(3))
Is there a preferential treatment for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs)?	No. No explicit SME preference exists; however, the contracting authority is obliged to clarify why the procurement was not divided into smaller lots, which indirectly encourages lot division and greater SME access. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 28(2))
Is there a preferential treatment for local/national companies? (companies from other EU MS are considered foreign companies)	No. The contracting authority must comply with the principles of equal treatment, non-discrimination, transparency, proportionality and economy and efficiency; no preferential treatment for local or national companies is permitted. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 10(2))
Is there a specific set of rules for green/sustainable procurement?	Yes. Environmental considerations are taken into account as evaluation criteria and as a technical condition (environmental management measures to be applied by the tenderer in performance of the contract); for contracts for the supply of motor vehicles of categories M1, M2, M3, N1, N2, N3 above EU thresholds, the contracting authority must take into account energy and environmental impacts over the vehicle's lifetime in the description of the subject or in evaluation criteria. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 34(1)(h), 36, 42(2), 44(4)(6)(8), 45, 53(2)(d), 102(7)(11) and 131(1)(g))
Bid evaluation
Are there restrictions on allowable grounds for tenderer exclusion?	Yes. The tenderer may be excluded if they do not meet conditions of participation regarding "personal status" (e.g. convicted of certain criminal offences, wound-up, subject to insolvency proceedings, tax arrears, grave professional misconduct in the last 3 years, ban on participation in public procurement procedures, sanctioned in the field of environmental protection, social rights or labour rights); the tenderer must be excluded if they submit more than one bid alone or with other tenderers; in defence and security, a tenderer must also be excluded if there is provable information that they are not reliable enough to exclude risks to the security interests of the Slovak Republic. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 32)
Are some bids automatically excluded? e.g., lowest/highest price; unusually low price, etc.	Yes. The contracting authority/entity shall exclude the bid if: (a) the tenderer did not follow the specified method of communication; (b) the contents cannot be made available; (c) wrong coding format; (d) no bid security lodged; (e) tenderer does not meet subject-matter requirements; (f) no written explanation of abnormally low tender provided within set deadlines; (g)–(i) explanation of abnormally low tender insufficient; (j) false or misleading information provided; (k) tenderer attempted to unduly influence the procedure. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 49(4) and 53)
Is scoring criteria published?	Yes. The contracting authority/entity shall specify for each criterion the relative weight, which can be expressed by determining an interval with a maximum range; relative weights are stated in the contract notice, tender dossier, invitation to tender or information document; if relative weights cannot be determined for demonstrable reasons, the criteria are listed in descending order of importance. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 44(9)(10)(11))
Are decisions always made by a committee?	Yes. The contracting authority and contracting entity are obliged to set up a commission of at least three members to evaluate tenders; commission members must have professional education or professional experience corresponding to the subject of the contract or concession; the Commission is competent if a majority of its members are present. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 51(1))
Are there regulations on evaluation committee composition to prevent conflict of interest?	Yes. A person may not be a commission member if they were, within one year before appointment: (a) a tenderer (natural person); (b) a statutory body, supervisory body member, partner or employee of a tenderer; (c) a close family member of such persons; (d) a person who may raise doubts about impartiality, especially if they participated in the preparation of a tenderer's bid; there is also a general prevention-of-conflicts-of-interest provision; Act 188/2024 additionally requires contracting authorities to specify in procurement documents the names of persons involved in decision-making for conflict-of-interest checks. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 23 and 51(4)(5))
Is some part of evaluation committee mandatorily independent of contracting authority?	No. There is no mandatory requirement for evaluation committee members to be independent of the contracting authority; external experts may be co-opted but this is not mandatory. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 51)
Are scoring results publicly available?	Yes. The commission shall draw up minutes of the evaluation of tenders, signed by the members present, containing the order of tenderers, identification of the successful tenderer(s) and reasons for success; these minutes, together with all tenders submitted within the deadline, are published in the contracting authority/entity's buyer's profile. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 53(9) and 64(1)(b))
Does the law specify under which conditions the tender can be cancelled?	Yes. The tender may be cancelled if: (a) no tenderer/candidate fulfilled the conditions for participation; (b) no offer was received; (c) no submitted tenders meet technical requirements and no objections were filed; (d) UVO orders cancellation; additionally, the contracting authority/entity may cancel if: (e) circumstances in which the contract was awarded have changed; (f) grounds worthy of special consideration exist; (g) no more than two tenders were submitted or draft prices are higher than expected (and if only one tender was submitted without cancellation, justification must be published in the buyer's profile). (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 57(1)(2))
Open competition
CFT publication
Does the law specify the location for publicizing open calls for tenders?	Yes. EVO – Information system for public procurements (https://evo.gov.sk) and OJEU/TED for above-threshold procedures. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 26, 65(2) and 148)
Does the law specify the location for publicizing restricted calls for tenders?	Yes. EVO (https://evo.gov.sk) and OJEU/TED for above-threshold procedures. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 26, 65(2) and 148)
Does the law specify the location for publicizing negotiated calls for tenders?	Yes. EVO (https://evo.gov.sk) and OJEU/TED for above-threshold procedures. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 26, 65(2) and 148)
Minimum # of bidders
What is the minimum number of bidders for restricted procedures?	5. The minimum number of candidates for the restricted procedure is 5. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 67(1))
What is the minimum number of bidders for negotiated procedures?	3. The minimum number of candidates for the negotiated procedure with prior publication is 3. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 71(1))
What is the minimum number of bidders for competitive dialogue procedures?	3. The minimum number of participants for competitive dialogue is 3. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 73(3))
Bidding period length
What are the minimum number of days for open procedures?	35. Standard minimum: 35 days; reduced to 15 days in urgent cases or if tender documentation was already published before the procedure; 30 days when bids are required only in electronic form; 40 days if tender documentation is not accessible on the internet. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 66(2))
What are the minimum number of days for restricted procedures?	30. Standard minimum: 30 days; reduced to 10 days in urgent cases or if tender documentation was already published; 25 days for electronic-only; 35 days if not accessible on internet. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 69(1))
What are the minimum number of days for competitive negotiated procedures?	30. Standard minimum: 30 days; same reductions apply as for restricted procedures. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 72(4))
Institutional arrangements
Institutions and regulations
Does the law specify the main EXCEPTIONS preventing the application of the public procurement law for tenders/organisations?	Yes. Main exceptions include contracts: (1) requiring special security measures or protecting basic security interests of the Slovak Republic; (2) involving arbitration and conciliation; (3) concerning acquisition/lease of real property; (4) concerning R&D services; (5) employment contracts; (6) awarded under special international organisation procedures; (7) for civil protection and hazard prevention; (8) concerning financial services related to securities; (9) concerning communication networks or broadcasting; (10) for legal, loan/credit, political campaign, sworn expert/translator services; (11) for railway/personal/air transport and messenger services; (12) specified defence and security services related to intelligence. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 1)
Does the law specify the main types of institutions that must apply the public procurement law?	Yes. Main types: (a) the Slovak Republic, represented by its authorities; (b) municipalities; (c) higher territorial units; (d) legal persons established to meet general interest needs (not industrial/commercial), financed, controlled or with management appointed by contracting authorities; (e) associations of legal persons whose members are exclusively contracting authorities. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 7–9)
Does the law specify the main procedure types or procurement methods permitted?	Yes. Above-limits: Open procedure; Restricted procedure; Negotiated procedure with prior publication; Competitive dialogue; Innovation partnership; Negotiated procedure (without prior publication); Design contest. Sub-limits: below-limits procedures; low-value contract procedures (§§ 108–118); simplified procedures; new mandatory below-threshold works procedure for contracts from EUR 1,500,000 (Act 188/2024). (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended by Act 188/2024 Coll., §§ 29 and 108–118)
Is there a procurement arbitration court dedicated to public procurement cases?	Yes. The deposit for objections is 0.1% of the estimated value of the contract/concession, but not less than EUR 2,000 and not more than: (a) EUR 10,000 for objections against the contract notice/conditions/call for tenders for below-threshold contracts; (b) EUR 50,000 for all other objections; if divided into lots, deposit is calculated per lot; maximum total deposit for all lots EUR 50,000; if estimated value is not disclosed, deposit is EUR 2,000; additional deposits apply for appeals against UVO decisions. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 172(2) and 177(8))
Is there a procurement regulatory body dedicated to public procurement?	Yes. The Public Procurement Office (UVO) (http://uvo.gov.sk/) serves as both the dedicated regulatory, supervisory and monitoring body and as the first-instance review body for objections; UVO ensures the functioning of contracting authorities' buyer's profiles; issues guidance and publishes decisions. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 140 and 147)
Does the law specify procurement advisors' profession (i.e. degree to be obtained, official list of members of the professional association) and its role in the tendering process (e.g. right to draft tender documentations, conduct market research identifying bidders)?	Yes. Commission members must have professional education or professional experience corresponding to the subject of the contract or concession; the contracting authority is entitled to process documents to that extent; no official list or specific degree requirement is specified for procurement advisers as a separate profession; the requirement applies specifically to evaluation commission membership. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 51(1))
Is disclosure of final, beneficial owners required for placing a bid?	Yes. The contracting authority/entity may not conclude a contract, concession contract or framework agreement with a tenderer who is obliged to register in the Register of Public Sector Partners (register konečných užívateľov výhod) but has not done so; this requirement extends to subcontractors; beneficial ownership data is publicly accessible in the UVO register. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, § 11)
Complaints
Is there a fee for arbitration procedure?	Yes. The deposit for objections is 0.1% of the estimated value of the contract/concession, but not less than EUR 2,000 and not more than: (a) EUR 10,000 for objections against the contract notice/conditions/call for tenders for below-threshold contracts; (b) EUR 50,000 for all other objections; if divided into lots, deposit is calculated per lot; maximum total deposit for all lots EUR 50,000; if estimated value is not disclosed, deposit is EUR 2,000; additional deposits apply for appeals against UVO decisions. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 172(2) and 177(8))
Is there a ban on contract signature until arbitration court decision (first instance court)?	Yes. The deposit for objections is 0.1% of the estimated value of the contract/concession, but not less than EUR 2,000 and not more than: (a) EUR 10,000 for objections against the contract notice/conditions/call for tenders for below-threshold contracts; (b) EUR 50,000 for all other objections; if divided into lots, deposit is calculated per lot; maximum total deposit for all lots EUR 50,000; if estimated value is not disclosed, deposit is EUR 2,000; additional deposits apply for appeals against UVO decisions. (Act No. 343/2015 Coll., as amended in 2020, §§ 172(2) and 177(8))
What is the maximum number of days until arbitration court decision from filing a complaint in the case of awarded contracts?	N/S. No single general maximum number of days from filing to first-instance review decision was reliably identified in the end-2024 materials reviewed; appeal and procedural sub-deadlines exist, but not a clean general cap comparable across countries. (Review-procedure amendment commentary, Aug. 2024; UVO practice materials)
Is there a requirement to publicly release arbitration court decisions ?	Yes. Review decisions of the Public Procurement Office are publicly accessible through the Office website / profile system; earlier copied fee explanation was replaced. (UVO website / decision publication practice)

Legislation

Act No. 343/2015 Coll. on Public Procurement (Slovak)	pdf
Decree No. 481/2023 Coll. of the Public Procurement Office on public procurement procedures	missing file:
Act No. 211/2000 Coll. on Free Access to Information (Slovak)	pdf

*Last update: 2017

Anti Money Laundering

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Risk-based approach						100
Sanctions for natural persons						100
Sanctions for legal persons						100
Pecuniary sanctions for obliged entities						60
Beneficial ownership of legal persons and legal arrangements						5
Supervision of obliged entities						100
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs)						83
Mutual legal assistance (MLA) and International Cooperation						100

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Country score
Risk-based approach
Each Member State shall be legally required to prepare a national risk assessment that outlines appropriate steps to identify, assess, understand and mitigate the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing affecting it.	Yes. (1) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall conduct the National Risk Assessment of the risks of money laundering and financing of terrorism at the level of the Slovak Republic. Upon request, obliged persons, trusts, the National Bank of Slovakia, law enforcement authorities and other relevant state authorities and institutions shall take part in the process of the National Risk Assessment and its update and provide all required assistance to the Financial Intelligence Unit. The National Risk Assessment shall be subject to approval by the Government of the Slovak Republic. (Article 26a (1), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member states shall be legally required to keep the national risk assessment up to date and review it at least every 4 years.	Yes. (3) The National Risk Assessment shall be updated with due regard, in particular, to the development of risks of money laundering and financing of terrorism and to the activities of the European Union. An update of the National Risk Assessment shall be submitted to the Government of the Slovak Republic for approval no later than four years after the previous approval. (Article 26a (3), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member states should legally designate an authority or mechanism to co-ordinate actions to assess risks.	Yes. (1) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall conduct the National Risk Assessment of the risks of money laundering and financing of terrorism at the level of the Slovak Republic. Upon request, obliged persons, trusts, the National Bank of Slovakia, law enforcement authorities and other relevant state authorities and institutions shall take part in the process of the National Risk Assessment and its update and provide all required assistance to the Financial Intelligence Unit. The National Risk Assessment shall be subject to approval by the Government of the Slovak Republic. (Article 26a (1), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Sanctions for natural persons
The following conduct, when committed intentionally, is punishable as a criminal offence: the conversion or transfer of property, knowing that such property is derived from criminal activity, for the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin of the property or of assisting any person who is involved in the commission of such an activity to evade the legal consequences of that person’s action;	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
The following conduct, when committed intentionally, is punishable as a criminal offence: the concealment or disguise of the true nature, source, location, disposition, movement, rights with respect to, or ownership of, property, knowing that such property is derived from criminal activity;	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
The following conduct, when committed intentionally, is punishable as a criminal offence: the acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing at the time of receipt, that such property was derived from criminal activity.	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
Aiding and abetting, inciting and attempting a money laundering offence is punishable as a criminal offence.	Yes. An attempted crime is an act that directly leads to the completion of a crime, committed by the perpetrator with the intention of committing a crime, if the crime has not been completed. An attempted crime is punishable by the penalty established for the completed crime. /// A participant in a completed crime or an attempt to commit it is a person who intentionally: planned or directed the commission of a crime (organizer), incited another to commit a crime (inciter), asked another to commit a crime (orderer), or provided assistance to another person in committing a crime, in particular by providing funds, removing obstacles, providing advice, confirming the intention, promising to help aer the crime (assistant); the provision of legal services by an attorney under a special regulation is not considered assistance, providing funds and providing advice. (Articles 15 and 21, Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
Money laundering offences are punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least four years.	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
A prior or simultaneous conviction for the criminal activity from which the property was derived is not a prerequisite for a conviction for money laundering offences	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
A conviction for money laundering offences is possible where it is established that the property was derived from a criminal activity, without it being necessary to establish all the factual elements or all circumstances relating to that criminal activity, including the identity of the perpetrator;	Yes. Whoever acquires, possesses or uses an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another person in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad shall be punished by imprisonment for up to four years./// As in paragraph 1, a person shall be punished who conceals or transfers to himself or another an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, changes the nature of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal activity committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, creates it or otherwise disposes of it with the intention of enabling himself or another to escape criminal prosecution, punishment or protective measure or their execution, or conceals the existence of an item that is the proceeds of a criminal act committed by another act in the territory of the Slovak Republic or abroad, in particular by concealing its origin in a criminal act, its location or ownership or other right to it. (Article 233 (1) (2), Criminal Code of Slovakia, amended 2025)
Sanctions for legal persons
Legal persons can be held liable for the breaches of Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 or Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 committed on their behalf or for their benefit by any person, acting individually or as part of a body of that legal person and having a leading position within that legal person, based on any of the following: a power to represent the legal person; an authority to take decisions on behalf of the legal person; an authority to exercise control within the legal person.	Yes. This law regulates the foundations of criminal liability of legal entities, types of punishments, their imposition, and criminal proceedings against legal entities. (2) Unless otherwise provided by this Act and unless the nature of the matter precludes it, the Criminal Code shall apply to the criminal liability of a legal person and the penalties and protective measures imposed on a legal person, and the Criminal Procedure Code shall apply to criminal proceedings against a legal person. (Article 1 (1) (2), Law no. 91/2016)
Legal persons can be held liable where the lack of supervision or control has made possible the commission of any money laundering offences for the benefit of that legal person by a person under its authority.	Yes. A criminal offence under Section 3 is committed by a legal person if it is committed for its benefit, on its behalf, within the scope of its activities or through it, if it acted a) statutory body or member of a statutory body, b) a person who carries out control or supervision activities within a legal entity, or c) another person who is authorized to represent a legal entity or make decisions on its behalf. (2) A criminal offence under Section 3 is committed by a legal person even if the person referred to in paragraph 1, through insufficient supervision or control which was their duty, although negligently allowed the commission of a criminal offence by a person who acted within the scope of the powers entrusted to them by the legal person. (Article 4 (1) (2), Law no. 91/2016)
Legal persons held liable are punishable by criminal or non-criminal fines.	Yes. For a criminal offence committed under Section 3, the court may impose the following penalties on a legal entity: a) penalty of dissolution of a legal entity, b) penalty of forfeiture of property, c) penalty of forfeiture, d) fine, e) a ban on activity, f) a penalty of a ban on accepting subsidies or grants, g) a penalty of a ban on receiving aid and support provided from European Union funds, h) penalty of prohibition from participating in public procurement, i) penalty of publication of the conviction. (Article 10, Law no. 91/2016)
Legal persons held liable are punishable by other sanctions, such as: exclusion from entitlement to public benefits or aid; temporary or permanent exclusion from access to public funding, including tender procedures, grants and concessions; temporary or permanent disqualification from the practice of commercial activities; placing under judicial supervision; a judicial winding-up order; temporary or permanent closure of establishments which have been used for committing the offence.	Yes. For a criminal offence committed under Section 3, the court may impose the following penalties on a legal entity: a) penalty of dissolution of a legal entity, b) penalty of forfeiture of property, c) penalty of forfeiture, d) fine, e) a ban on activity, f) a penalty of a ban on accepting subsidies or grants, g) a penalty of a ban on receiving aid and support provided from European Union funds, h) penalty of prohibition from participating in public procurement, i) penalty of publication of the conviction. (Article 10, Law no. 91/2016)
Pecuniary sanctions for obliged entities
In the event of a breach of Regulations (EU) 2024/1624 and (EU) 2023/1113, where obligations apply to legal persons, pecuniary sanctions can be imposed and administrative measures can be applied not only to the legal person, but also to the senior management and to other natural persons who under national law are responsible for the breach.	Yes. (1) Unless otherwise provided in paragraph (2), the Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine on a legal entity and a business natural person that fails to comply with or breaches any of the obligations laid down in Article 10(1) to (4) and (6), Article 12, Articles 14 to 17, Article 19(2) to (4), Article 21, Article 24(1) and (2), which fine may amount up to twice the amount of the unjustified benefit obtained though such non-compliance, if determinable, or up to EUR 1 000 000, whichever is higher. Page 34 Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic 297/2008 (2) The Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine on a bank or financial institution that fails to comply with or breaches any of the obligations referred to in paragraph (1), which fine may amount up to EUR 5 000 000 or up to 10% of the bank’s or financial institution’s total annual turnover according to the last regular financial statements, whichever is higher, or, if the bank or financial institution is a member of a consolidated group, to 10% of the total annual turnover according to the last consolidated financial statements of that consolidated group. (3) The Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine of up to EUR 200 000 on a legal entity or a business natural person that breaches an obligation laid down in this Act other than the obligations referred to in paragraph (1) or (2). (Article 33, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Pecuniary sanctions shall be imposed on obliged entities for serious, repeated or systematic breaches, whether committed intentionally or negligently, of the requirements laid down in the following provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1624: Chapter II (Internal policies, procedures and controls of obliged entities); Chapter III (Customer due diligence); Chapter V (Reporting obligations); Article 77 (Record retention).	Yes. (1) Unless otherwise provided in paragraph (2), the Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine on a legal entity and a business natural person that fails to comply with or breaches any of the obligations laid down in Article 10(1) to (4) and (6), Article 12, Articles 14 to 17, Article 19(2) to (4), Article 21, Article 24(1) and (2), which fine may amount up to twice the amount of the unjustified benefit obtained though such non-compliance, if determinable, or up to EUR 1 000 000, whichever is higher. Page 34 Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic 297/2008 (2) The Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine on a bank or financial institution that fails to comply with or breaches any of the obligations referred to in paragraph (1), which fine may amount up to EUR 5 000 000 or up to 10% of the bank’s or financial institution’s total annual turnover according to the last regular financial statements, whichever is higher, or, if the bank or financial institution is a member of a consolidated group, to 10% of the total annual turnover according to the last consolidated financial statements of that consolidated group. (3) The Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a fine of up to EUR 200 000 on a legal entity or a business natural person that breaches an obligation laid down in this Act other than the obligations referred to in paragraph (1) or (2). (Article 33, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Supervisors are able to apply administrative measures to an obliged entity, where they identify: breaches of Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 or Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, either in combination with pecuniary sanctions for serious, repeated and systematic breaches, or on their own; weaknesses in the internal policies, procedures and controls of the obliged entity that are likely to result in breaches of the requirements; that the obliged entity has internal policies, procedures and controls that are not commensurate with the risks of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing to which the entity is exposed.	Yes. In addition to the fines for administrative misdemeanours provided in Article 33(1) and (2), the Financial Intelligence Unit may also impose on business natural person a penalty of publishing the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty, unless paragraph (3) provide otherwise (2) The penalty of publishing the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty shall consist in publishing the operative part of the final decision on the imposition of administrative penalty on the Financial Intelligence Unit’s website for five years. (3) Where the publishing of the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty might threaten financial market stability or ongoing criminal proceedings, or would obviously be disproportionate to the nature and severity of the administrative misdemeanour concerned, the Financial Intelligence Unit shall a) postpone the publishing of the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty until the reasons for non-publishing cease to exists; b) publish the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty in an anonymised form; c) not publish the final decision on the imposition of an administrative penalty if it deems the application of 297/2008 Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic Page 35 sub-paragraph (a) or (b) to be not sufficient. (4) The operative part of the published final decision on the imposition of administrative penalty must not include any information that might lead to the identification of any other person in addition to the penalised obliged person. Article 34 Initiation of the withdrawal of authorisation for a business activity or another self-employment activit (Article 33a and 34, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Where obliged entities fail to comply with administrative measures applied by the supervisor within the applicable deadlines, supervisors are able to impose periodic penalty payments in order to compel compliance with those administrative measures.	No. Absent from legal framework (Absent from legal framework)
Supervisors are required to publish on their website, in an accessible format, decisions imposing pecuniary sanctions, applying administrative measures or imposing periodic penalty payments.	No. Absent from legal framework (Absent from legal framework)
Beneficial ownership of legal persons and legal arrangements
Beneficial ownership information must be held in a central register in the Member State where the legal entity is created or where the trustee of an express trust or person holding an equivalent position in a similar legal arrangement is established or resides, or from where the legal arrangement is administered.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member States shall ensure that the entities in charge of the central registers are empowered to request from legal entities, trustees of any express trust and persons holding an equivalent position in a similar legal arrangement, and their legal and beneficial owners, any information necessary to identify and verify their beneficial owners, including resolutions of the board of directors and minutes of their meetings, partnership agreements, trust deeds, power of attorney or other contractual agreements and documentation.	No. Absent from legal framework (Absent from legal framework)
Where no person is identified as the beneficial owner, the central register shall include: (a) a statement that there is no beneficial owner or that the beneficial owners could not be determined, accompanied by a corresponding justification (b) the details of all natural persons who hold the position of senior managing officials in the legal entity equivalent to the following information: all names and surnames, place and full date of birth, residential address, country of residence and nationality or nationalities of the beneficial owner, number of identity document, such as passport or national identity document, and, where it exists, unique personal identification number assigned to the person by his or her country of usual residence, and general description of the source of such number	Yes. Where there is no natural person meeting the criteria in paragraph (1)(a), beneficial owners of the person or entity concerned shall be the members of its senior management; a senior management member shall mean the statutory body or a member of the statutory body. (Article 6a (2), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Entities in charge of the central registers are required to verify, within a reasonable time upon submission of the beneficial ownership information, and on a regular basis thereafter, that such information is adequate, accurate and up to date.	No. Absent from legal framework (Absent from legal framework)
Competent authorities, if appropriate and to the extent that such requirement does not interfere unnecessarily with their functions, are required to report to the entities in charge of the central registers any discrepancies they find between information available in the central registers and the information available to them.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The information contained in the central registers must include any change to the beneficial ownership of legal entities and legal arrangements and to nominee arrangements, following their first recording in the central register.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The entity in charge of the central register is empowered, whether directly or by application to another authority, including judicial authorities, to carry out checks, including on-site inspections at the business premises or registered office of legal entities, in order to establish the current beneficial ownership of the entity and to verify that the information submitted to the central register is accurate, adequate and up-to-date.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Where verification leads an entity in charge of a central register to conclude that there are inconsistencies or errors in the beneficial ownership information, the entity in charge of a central register is able to withhold or refuse to issue a valid certificate of proof of registration, or to suspend the validity of an existing certification of proof of registration.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The entity in charge of the central register is empowered to, whether directly or by application to another authority, including judicial authorities, apply effective, proportionate and dissuasive measures or impose such pecuniary sanctions for failures, including of a repeated nature, to provide the central register with accurate, adequate and up-to-date information about their beneficial ownership.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Competent authorities have immediate, unfiltered, direct and free access to the information held in the interconnected central registers without alerting the legal entity or legal arrangement concerned. These competent authorities include: self-regulatory bodies in the performance of supervisory functions of AML rules; tax authorities; national authorities with designated responsibilities for the implementation of Union restrictive measures; AMLA for the purposes of joint analyses; EPPO; OLAF; Europol and Eurojust when providing operational support to the competent authorities of Member States.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Beneficial ownership information held in central registers may be made available to obliged entities upon payment of a fee, which shall be limited to what is strictly necessary to cover the costs of ensuring the quality of the information held in the central registers and of making the information available. Those fees shall be established in such a way as not to undermine effective access to the information held in the central registers.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Any natural or legal person that can demonstrate a legitimate interest in the prevention and combating of money laundering, its predicate offences and terrorist financing has access to the following information on beneficial owners of legal entities and legal arrangements held in the interconnected central registers, without alerting the legal entity or legal arrangement concerned: the name of the beneficial owner; the month and year of birth of the beneficial owner; the country of residence and nationality or nationalities of the beneficial owner; for beneficial owners of legal entities, the nature and extent of the beneficial interest held; for beneficial owners of express trusts or similar legal arrangements, the nature of the beneficial interest.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The following natural or legal persons shall be deemed to have a legitimate interest to access the information listed above: persons acting for the purpose of journalism, reporting or any other form of expression in the media, that are connected with the prevention or combating of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing;	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The following natural or legal persons shall be deemed to have a legitimate interest to access the information listed above: civil society organisations, including non-governmental organisations and academia, that are connected with the prevention or combating of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing;	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The following natural or legal persons shall be deemed to have a legitimate interest to access the information listed above: natural or legal persons likely to enter into a transaction with a legal entity or legal arrangement and who wish to prevent any link between such a transaction and money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing;	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The following natural or legal persons shall be deemed to have a legitimate interest to access the information listed above: Member States’ public authorities in the context of public procurement procedures, in respect of the tenderers and operators being awarded the contract under the public procurement procedure;	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member States shall ensure that the information provided by central registers does not lead to the identification of any person consulting the register where such persons are: persons acting for the purpose of journalism, reporting or any other form of expression in the media, that are connected with the prevention or combating of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing;	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member States shall ensure that the information provided by central registers does not lead to the identification of any person consulting the register where such persons are: civil society organisations that are connected with the prevention or combating of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Where entities in charge of central registers decide to grant access to beneficial ownership information, they shall issue a certificate granting access for 3 years. Entities in charge of central registers shall respond to any subsequent request to access beneficial ownership information by the same person within 7 working days.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member States shall ensure that entities in charge of central registers shall only refuse a request to access beneficial ownership information on one of the following grounds: the applicant has not provided the necessary information or documents pursuant to paragraph 1; a legitimate interest to access beneficial ownership information has not been demonstrated; where on the basis of information in its possession, the entity in charge of the central register has a reasonable concern that the information will not be used for the purposes for which it was requested or that the information will be used for purposes that are not connected to the prevention of money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing; one or more of the situations referred to in Article 15 applies; the legitimate interest to access beneficial ownership information granted by the central register of another Member State does not extend to the purposes for which the information is sought; where the applicant is in a third country and responding to the request to access information would not comply with the provisions of Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2016/679.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
In exceptional circumstances to be laid down in national law, where the access to beneficial ownership information would expose the beneficial owner to disproportionate risk of fraud, kidnapping, blackmail, extortion, harassment, violence or intimidation, or where the beneficial owner is a minor or otherwise legally incapable, Member States shall provide for an exemption from such access to all or part of the personal information on the beneficial owner. Member States shall ensure that such exemptions are granted on a case-by-case basis upon a detailed evaluation of the exceptional nature of the circumstances and confirmation that those disproportionate risks exist. The right to an administrative review of the decision granting an exemption and the right to an effective judicial remedy shall be guaranteed.	No. Slovakia does not have a dedicated central register for Beneficial Owners but instead established the obligation to register beneficial owners in the commercial registry, which is not public or accessible, except for public partners (Article 10a, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Supervision of obliged entities
Each Member State shall ensure that all obliged entities established in its territory are subject to adequate and effective supervision. To that end, each Member State shall appoint one or more supervisors to monitor effectively, and to take the measures necessary to ensure compliance by the obliged entities with Regulations (EU) 2024/1624 and (EU) 2023/1113.	Yes. Inspections regarding the fulfilment of and compliance with the obligations laid down in this Act shall also be performed by the National Bank of Slovakia with respect to obliged persons being subject to surveillance by the National Bank of Slovakia under the relevant law, 54) and by a supervisory authority with respect to obliged persons being subject to supervision by that supervisory authority under the relevant law.44) ////
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs)
Each Member State shall establish an FIU in order to prevent, detect and effectively combat money laundering and terrorist financing.	Yes. The Financial Intelligence Unit shall perform duties as the central national unit for the prevention and detection of money laundering and the financing of terrorism. (Article 26(1), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The FIU as the central national unit shall be responsible for receiving and analysing suspicious transaction reports and other information relevant to money laundering, associated predicate offences or terrorist financing.	Yes. (2) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall a) receive, analyse, evaluate and process unusual transactions and financial information of relevance to money laundering or the financing of terrorism for the purposes of performing duties under this Act or under a relevant law; b) refer cases to law enforcement authorities if the facts of a case indicate the commission of a criminal offence; c) require and control the fulfilment of obligations under this Act by obliged persons; d) make filings to initiate the imposition of a fine on an obliged person for a breach of or non-compliance with obligations under this Act by an authority competent to impose such fine on the obliged person under relevant laws, 53) unless the Financial Intelligence Unit takes its own action on the case under Article 32 or Article 33; e) make filings to initiate the withdrawal of the obliged person’s authorisation for a business activity or another self-employment activity on the ground of a recurring breach of or non-compliance with obligations under this Act by an authority competent to decide on the withdrawal under the relevant law;45) f) request information on the result of the filings seeking the imposition of a fine or withdrawal of authorisation, as referred to in sub-paragraphs (d) and (c), and on measures adopted by the authorities with which the filings were made; the authorities concerned shall be obliged to inform the Financial Intelligence Unit accordingly; g) maintain in confidence the contents and origin of information obtained from an obliged person or the national administrator through the fulfilment of their reporting obligation and ensure the protection of the information so obtained, unless this Act provides otherwise; h) publish awareness-building information on the forms and methods of money laundering and the financing of terrorism and on unusual transaction detection methods; i) inform the obliged person or the national administrator about the efficiency of their unusual transaction report and the action following the receipt of the unusual transaction report, unless there is a risk of thwarting the processing of the unusual transaction; j) provide information obtained through its activities under this Act to tax administrators and general government authorities having jurisdiction over taxes, charges and customs to the extent such information is of relevance to the administration of taxes and the provision thereof will not jeopardise the performance of the Financial Intelligence Unit’s duties; k) promptly forward the beneficial owner identification obtained from the obliged person to the competent court whenever the Financial Intelligence Unit detects in the course of its activities that discrepancies exist between the beneficial ownership identification under this Act and the beneficial owner entered in the Register of Public Sector Partners; l) disseminate information to the Police Force for the purposes of detecting crimes and identifying their perpetrators, cooperating in the detection of tax evasion, illegal financial transactions, money laundering and the financing of terrorism, combating terrorism and organised crime and searching for property pursuant to the relevant law; 53b) m) make filings with competent authorities to initiate the supervision, inspection, state surveillance or state supervision of an obliged person on the grounds of a breach of or non-compliance with obligations under relevant laws; 53c) n) publish on its website and maintain up-to-date a list of prominent public offices; the Financial Intelligence Unit shall also deliver such list to the European Commission; o) publish on its website and maintain up-to-date a list of high-risk countries; p) implement a system to receive reports on breaches of obligations under this Act, which must ensure the protection of legitimate interests of both the reporting person and of the person reported to be liable for a breach of obligations under this Act. (Article 26 (2), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The FIU shall be responsible for disseminating the results of its analyses and any additional relevant information to the competent authorities where there are grounds to suspect money laundering, associated predicate offences or terrorist financing.	Yes. (3) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall provide all information and documents obtained pursuant to this Act to state authorities which carry out duties in the field of protection of the constitutional system, internal order and security of the state to the extent necessary for the performance of their statutory duties in combating terrorism and organised crime. The information so provided shall not include any information about its originator. Upon request, the Financial Intelligence Unit shall provide information and documents to authorities having jurisdiction over international sanctions 1a) for the performance of their duties. (Article 26 (3), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
The FIU shall be operationally independent and autonomous, which means that the FIU shall have the authority and capacity to carry out its functions freely, including the ability to take autonomous decisions to analyse, request and disseminate specific information. It shall be free from any undue political, government or industry influence or interference.	No. Absent from legal framework (Absent from legal framework)
The FIU, regardless of their organisational status, is authorised to have access to the information that they require to fulfil their tasks, including financial, administrative and law enforcement information.	Yes. (8) At the Financial Intelligence Unit’s request, the authorities referred to in paragraphs (3) and (5) shall provide to the Financial Intelligence Unit all available information that is necessary for the prevention and detection of money laundering and the financing of terrorism and of criminal offences punishable by a custodial sentence for a maximum term exceeding one year; the foregoing shall not apply if the provision of information would jeopardise the performance of specific tasks by the intelligence service 53da) or reveal its sources, resources or the identity of its member or a person acting on its behalf, or jeopardise international intelligence cooperation. (Article 26(8), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
FIUs are empowered to take urgent action, directly or indirectly, where there is a suspicion that a transaction is related to money laundering or terrorist financing, to suspend or withhold consent to that transaction.	Yes. (2) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall a) receive, analyse, evaluate and process unusual transactions and financial information of relevance to money laundering or the financing of terrorism for the purposes of performing duties under this Act or under a relevant law; b) refer cases to law enforcement authorities if the facts of a case indicate the commission of a criminal offence; c) require and control the fulfilment of obligations under this Act by obliged persons; d) make filings to initiate the imposition of a fine on an obliged person for a breach of or non-compliance with obligations under this Act by an authority competent to impose such fine on the obliged person under relevant laws, 53) unless the Financial Intelligence Unit takes its own action on the case under Article 32 or Article 33; e) make filings to initiate the withdrawal of the obliged person’s authorisation for a business activity or another self-employment activity on the ground of a recurring breach of or non-compliance with obligations under this Act by an authority competent to decide on the withdrawal under the relevant law;45) f) request information on the result of the filings seeking the imposition of a fine or withdrawal of authorisation, as referred to in sub-paragraphs (d) and (c), and on measures adopted by the authorities with which the filings were made; the authorities concerned shall be obliged to inform the Financial Intelligence Unit accordingly; g) maintain in confidence the contents and origin of information obtained from an obliged person or the national administrator through the fulfilment of their reporting obligation and ensure the protection of the information so obtained, unless this Act provides otherwise; h) publish awareness-building information on the forms and methods of money laundering and the financing of terrorism and on unusual transaction detection methods; i) inform the obliged person or the national administrator about the efficiency of their unusual transaction report and the action following the receipt of the unusual transaction report, unless there is a risk of thwarting the processing of the unusual transaction; j) provide information obtained through its activities under this Act to tax administrators and general government authorities having jurisdiction over taxes, charges and customs to the extent such information is of relevance to the administration of taxes and the provision thereof will not jeopardise the performance of the Financial Intelligence Unit’s duties; k) promptly forward the beneficial owner identification obtained from the obliged person to the competent court whenever the Financial Intelligence Unit detects in the course of its activities that discrepancies exist between the beneficial ownership identification under this Act and the beneficial owner entered in the Register of Public Sector Partners; l) disseminate information to the Police Force for the purposes of detecting crimes and identifying their perpetrators, cooperating in the detection of tax evasion, illegal financial transactions, money laundering and the financing of terrorism, combating terrorism and organised crime and searching for property pursuant to the relevant law; 53b) m) make filings with competent authorities to initiate the supervision, inspection, state surveillance or state supervision of an obliged person on the grounds of a breach of or non-compliance with obligations under relevant laws; 53c) n) publish on its website and maintain up-to-date a list of prominent public offices; the Financial Intelligence Unit shall also deliver such list to the European Commission; o) publish on its website and maintain up-to-date a list of high-risk countries; p) implement a system to receive reports on breaches of obligations under this Act, which must ensure the protection of legitimate interests of both the reporting person and of the person reported to be liable for a breach of obligations under this Act. (Article 26 (2), Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Mutual legal assistance (MLA) and International Cooperation
Member States shall ensure that the FIU to whom the request is made is legally required to use the whole range of its available powers which it would normally use domestically for receiving and analysing information when it replies to a request for information from another FIU.	Yes. Article 28 in AML Law extensively regulates international cooperation (Article 28, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)
Member States shall ensure that FIUs are legally required to exchange, spontaneously or upon request, any information that may be relevant for the processing or analysis of information by the FIU related to money laundering, its predicate offences, or terrorist financing, and the natural or legal person involved, regardless of the type of predicate offences that may be involved, and even if the type of predicate offences that may be involved is not identified at the time of the exchange.	Yes. Article 28 in AML Law extensively regulates international cooperation (Article 28, Law no. 297/2008, amended 2025)

Legislation

Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016	missing file:
Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014	missing file:
Act of 18 March 1999 on election of the president of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended by the Act no. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll.	missing file:
Criminal Code (300/2005 Coll.), amended 2016	missing file:

*Last update: 2017

Asset Recovery

Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Laws

Quantitative Data

Primary Metric	2012	2015	2016	2017	2020	2024	Trend
Asset Offices						0
Confiscation						56
International cooperation						50

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness

Qualitative Data

Country score
Asset Offices
Each Member State shall legally designate at least one asset recovery office to facilitate cross-border cooperation in relation to asset-tracing investigations and to conduct asset recovery functions in both criminal matters and civil or administrative matters.	No. Slovakia has specialised units within the police and prosecution service and a framework for enforcement of forfeiture, but there is no authority formally designated in law as an “asset recovery office” in the sense of Council Decision 2007/845/JHA. (Criminal Procedure Code (Act No. 301/2005 Coll.) and organisational acts (no formal ARO designation).)
Each Member State shall legally designate at least one competent authority to function as an asset management office for the purpose of the management of frozen and confiscated property until the disposal of that property further to a final confiscation order.	No. The management of seized and confiscated assets is regulated through a specific act on enforcement of decisions on seizure of property and administration of seized property and general state‑property rules, (Act on Enforcement of Decisions on Seizure of Property and Administration of Seized Property (new act referenced in 2023–2024 legal analysis); Act No. 278/1993 Coll. on Administration of State Property.)
Confiscation
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the freezing of property necessary to ensure a possible confiscation of that property. The freezing measures shall consist of freezing orders and immediate action. (Freezing measures)	Yes. The Criminal Procedure Code regulates seizure of property and provisional measures to secure claims for confiscation or compensation; (Criminal Procedure Code (Act No. 301/2005 Coll.), Sections on seizure of property and provisional measures, including Section 551 (seizure of property).)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation, either wholly or in part, of instrumentalities and proceeds stemming from a criminal offence subject to a final conviction, which may also result from proceedings in absentia. (Conviction based confiscation)	Yes. The Criminal Code provides for forfeiture of property as a penalty and forfeiture of a thing that was used to commit a criminal offence, intended for use, or obtained through the offence or as remuneration, (Criminal Code (Act No. 300/2005 Coll.), Section 58 (forfeiture of property) and Section 60(1) (forfeiture of a thing used or intended to be used to commit an offence or obtained by means of an offence or as remuneration).)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation of property the value of which corresponds to instrumentalities or proceeds stemming from a criminal offence subject to a final conviction, which may also result from proceedings in absentia. (Confiscation of equivalent value)	Yes. Where the thing obtained by an offence is inaccessible, unidentifiable or merged with other property of the offender or another person, (Criminal Code, Section 60(2) (forfeiture of a thing whose value corresponds to the value of the thing obtained by an offence, when the original thing is inaccessible, unidentifiable or merged with other property).)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation of proceeds, or other property the value of which corresponds to proceeds, which, directly or indirectly, were transferred by a suspected or accused person to third parties, or which were acquired by third parties from a suspected or accused person. (Third-party confiscation)	Yes. The rules on forfeiture of a thing obtained by an offence and substitute forfeiture apply even when such property is held by another person, where statutory conditions are met, (Criminal Code, Section 60(1)(c)–(d) and Section 60(2) (forfeiture of a thing obtained by an offence or obtained in exchange for it; substitute forfeiture where the thing is merged with property of the offender or another person).)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation, either wholly or in part, of property belonging to a person convicted of a criminal offence where the offence committed is liable to give rise, directly or indirectly, to economic benefit, and where a national court is satisfied that the property is derived from criminal conduct. (Extended confiscation)	Yes. Forfeiture of property may be ordered in respect of offenders convicted of particularly serious felonies through which they gained or attempted to gain large‑scale property benefits or caused large‑scale damage, as well as for certain specified offences; (Criminal Code, Section 58(1)–(2) (forfeiture of property for offenders sentenced for particularly serious felonies generating large‑scale property benefit or damage and for certain listed offences).)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation of instrumentalities, proceeds or property, or proceeds or property transferred to third parties, where criminal proceedings have been initiated but could not be continued because of illness, absconding, or death of the accused or the limitation period of the offence is below 15 years and has expired. (Non-conviction based confiscation)	No. As of 31.12.2024, confiscation in Slovakia remained primarily conviction‑based under Sections 58–60 of the Criminal Code; there is no general non‑conviction based confiscation regime covering the situations listed in Article 15 of Directive (EU) 2024/1260. (Criminal Code, Sections 58–60; Criminal Procedure Code (no general NCBC procedure).)
Confiscation without a prior conviction shall be limited to cases where, in the absence of the circumstances above, it would have been possible for the relevant criminal proceedings to lead to a criminal conviction for, at least, offences liable to give rise, directly or indirectly, to substantial economic benefit, and where the national court is satisfied that the instrumentalities, proceeds or property to be confiscated are derived from, or directly or indirectly linked to, the criminal offence in question. (Non-conviction based confiscation)	No. Slovakia had not, by end‑2024, enacted a stand‑alone confiscation‑only procedure without conviction; future transposition of Directive (EU) 2024/1260 (Criminal Code, Sections 58–60; Criminal Procedure Code; no NCBC regime in the sense of Directive (EU) 2024/1260 at 31.12.2024.)
Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation of property identified in the context of an investigation in relation to a criminal offence, provided that a national court is satisfied that the identified property is (i) derived from criminal conduct committed within the framework of a criminal organisation and (ii) that conduct is liable to give rise, directly or indirectly, to substantial economic benefit. A ‘criminal offence’ in this case is punishable by deprivation of liberty of a maximum of at least four years. (Confiscation of unexplained wealth)	No. The current forfeiture regime focuses on property and things linked to specific serious offences and does not provide a distinct unexplained‑wealth confiscation mechanism as envisaged in Article 16 of Directive (EU) 2024/1260. (Criminal Code, Sections 58–60 (no separate unexplained‑wealth confiscation provision).)
Member States are legally required to adopt a national strategy on asset recovery and update it at regular intervals of no longer than five years. (Deadline of 24 May 2027)	No. Slovakia has a legal framework for forfeiture and seizure but no explicit statutory national asset recovery strategy with a five‑year update obligation as of 31.12.2024. (No explicit national asset recovery strategy provision in Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure Code)
International cooperation
To facilitate cross-border cooperation, Member States shall legally require measures to enable the swift tracing and identification of instrumentalities and proceeds, or of property which is, or might become, the object of a freezing or confiscation order in the course of proceedings in criminal matters.	Yes. The Criminal Procedure Code regulates seizure and enforcement of foreign orders for seizure and confiscation of property, allowing Slovak (Criminal Procedure Code (Act No. 301/2005 Coll.), Sections on mutual legal assistance and enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders, including Section 551 (seizure of property).)
Member States shall legally require the necessary measures to ensure that their asset recovery offices provide, upon request from an asset recovery office in another Member State, any information that those asset recovery offices have access to, and that is necessary for the performance of the tasks of the asset recovery office requesting that information	No. Information exchange on assets with other states is conducted through mutual legal assistance and other cooperation channels; no ARO is formally designated with specific ARO‑to‑ARO obligations under Council Decision 2007/845/JHA. (Criminal Procedure Code provisions on mutual legal assistance (no formal ARO designation).)
Member States may legally allow for cost-sharing agreements with other Member States on the execution of freezing and confiscation orders.	No. Slovak legislation on mutual legal assistance and confiscation does not contain a specific statutory rule on cost‑sharing (No explicit cost‑sharing provision identified in the Criminal Procedure Code)
Countries should be able to share confiscated property with other countries, in particular when confiscation is directly or indirectly a result of co-ordinated law enforcement actions	Yes. Slovakia may share confiscated assets with foreign states under Council of Europe confiscation conventions and EU (National implementation of Council of Europe conventions on confiscation (ETS No. 141; CETS No. 198) and EU)

Legislation

Law No. 85 on Political Parties and Movements, 2005, amended 2016	missing file:
Law No. 181 on the election campaign and amendments to Law No. 85 on political parties and movements, 2014	missing file:
Act of 18 March 1999 on election of the president of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended by the Act no. 515/2003 Coll., Act no. 167/2008 Coll. and Act no. 445/2008 Coll.	missing file:
Criminal Code (300/2005 Coll.), amended 2016	missing file:

*Last update: 2017

Slovakia

Country Facts

Political Financing

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Financial Disclosure

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Scope and Coverage

Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/or candidates

Is it specified that a particular institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?