EUROPAM

European Public Accountability Mechanisms

Sweden

Country score (European Average*)
  • 46(66) Political Financing
  • 12(53) Financial Disclosure
  • 28(37) Conflict of Interest
  • 59(59) Freedom of Information
  • 50(62) Public Procurement

Country Facts

IncomeHigh
GNI per capita (2011 PPP $)47377.63
Population, total9903122.00
Urban population (% of total)85.96
Internet users (per 100 people)91.51
Life expectancy at birth (years)82.55
Mean years of schooling (years)12.3
Global Competitiveness Index5.5
Sources: World Bank, UNDP, WEF.

Political Financing

The Act on State Financial Support to Political Parties (1972, amended 2014) and the Election Act 2005 (amended 2014) have seen changes following the Act Amending - Act on State Financial Support to Political Parties (1972, amended 2004) - 2014 and the Act on Transparency of Party Financing (2014, amended 2016). The main changes brought about alterations to some provisions on public funding and the reporting requirements of political parties.

There are few limits on the private income of parties in Sweden. There are bans on donations from foreign entities but there are no bans on donations from corporations, trade unions or from anonymous donors. There are also no limits on the amount of donation that can be received both during and outside of election periods.

There is public funding available for political parties. This is allocated according to the share of votes in the previous election, the representation in the elected body, participation in the election and the share of seats in the previous election. Furthermore, funding is not available to parties that have received donations from anonymous donors. Public funding can be used for campaign spending. There are no provisions on subsidized media access but there are provisions on indirect public funding from other sources such as the use of premises for campaign meetings.

For regulations on spending, there is a ban on vote buying but there are no bans on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate. There are no limits on spending for parties and candidates.

Parties are required to keep accounts which must be made public. These do not have to reveal the identity of donors. Accounts are overseen by the Administrative Court and the Kammarkollegiet. There are sanctions in the form of fines for those breaching the provisions of the law.


Quantitative Data

Primary Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Bans and limits on private income2525252525
Public funding5050505050
Regulations on spending2525252525
Reporting, oversight and sanctions3383838383

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness


Qualitative Data

We are frequently reviewing and refining our data, so in case you notice any mistake in our assessment, feel free to send us an email by clicking the button ()

Bans and limits on private income

Bans on donations from foreign interests

Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties? Yes. Chapter 19, Section 13. Receiving money from a foreign power or someone acting on behalf of a foreign power is a criminal offence if the purpose is to influence public opinion in matters fundamental to the governance of the country or a matter of national security (within the purview of Parliament or the government). (Chapter 19, Section 13, Criminal Code, (1962:700) amended 2015)
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates? Yes. Chapter 19, Section 13 Receiving money from a foreign power or someone acting on behalf of a foreign power is a criminal offence if the purpose is to influence public opinion in matters fundamental to the governance of the country or a matter of national security (within the purview of Parliament or the government) (Chapter 19, Section 13, Criminal Code, (1962:700) amended 2015)

Bans on corporate donations

Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties? No. Section 6 of Act on Transparency of Party Financing include possibility to have contributions from companies However the size of the donations must be disclosed (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates? No. Section 4 "If anyone has been appointed a member of the Rilcsdag or the European Parlament following personal preference voting, the parties revenue statement shall also cover members personal election campaign" However the size of donations must be disclosed if elected (Section 4, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties? No. Section 6 "- contributions from other parts of the party, organisation, including affiliated organisations; contributions from private persons; contributions from companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds; and anonymous contributions. The first paragraph also applies to revenue of activities conducted in a company or in any other operational form, if the party has a controlling influence on the activities. The same apphes to revenue of a foundation associated with the party." However the size of the donations must be disclosed (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations of partial government ownership to political parties? No. Section 6 "- contributions from other parts of the party, organisation, including affiliated organisations; contributions from private persons; contributions from companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds; and anonymous contributions. The first paragraph also applies to revenue of activities conducted in a company or in any other operational form, if the party has a controlling influence on the activities. The same apphes to revenue of a foundation associated with the party." However the size of the donations must be disclosed (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates? No. Section 6 "- contributions from other parts of the party, organisation, including affiliated organisations; contributions from private persons; contributions from companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds; and anonymous contributions. The first paragraph also applies to revenue of activities conducted in a company or in any other operational form, if the party has a controlling influence on the activities. The same apphes to revenue of a foundation associated with the party." However the size of donations must be disclosed if elected (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on donations from corporations of partial government ownership to candidates? No. Section 6 "- contributions from other parts of the party, organisation, including affiliated organisations; contributions from private persons; contributions from companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds; and anonymous contributions. The first paragraph also applies to revenue of activities conducted in a company or in any other operational form, if the party has a controlling influence on the activities. The same apphes to revenue of a foundation associated with the party." However the size of donations must be disclosed if elected (Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))

Bans on donations from trade unions

Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties? No. Section 6 political party or candidate can receive "contributions fiom companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds" However the size of the donations must be disclosed (Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates? No. Section 6 political party or candidate can receive "contributions fiom companies, organisations, associations and other societies, foundations and funds" However the size of donations must be disclosed if elected [uncertainty, whether it’s the party that disclosed or the individual] (Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))

Bans on anonymous donations

Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties? No. Section 6 Allows anonymous contributions However political parties receiving anonymous donations, are not eligible to receive public funding (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates? No. Section 6 Allows anonymous contributions However, if a candidate has successfully run a personal campaign receives anonymous donations, the political party she/he represents will not be eligible for public funding (Section 6, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))

Other bans on donations

Is there a ban on state resources being given to or received by political parties or candidates (excluding regulated public funding)? Yes. State officials may only give support to political parties if this does not unduly benefit any party. Section 10 " Support may not be designed in such a way as to be unduly favourable or prejudicial to a party. " (Section 10, Local government act ("Kommunallag") (1991:900) - [Municipal Law], amended 2015)
Is there a ban on any other form of donation? No. Absent from legal framework

Donation limits

Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific)? No. Absent from legal framework
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election? No. Absent from legal framework
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate? No. Absent from legal framework

Public funding 

Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties

Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of votes in previous election Yes. Art 3,".‌.‌.‌If a party has not won representation in the Riksdag in one of the two most recent elections, for that election the number of full tenths of a percentage point of votes over 2.‌5 per cent that the party received nationwide are counted instead of seats.‌ Art 6, [Secretariat support] "Parties that have received at least 4 per cent of the votes nationwide in an election to the Riksdag receive one full basic support amount for each year covered by the election.‌ A full basic support amount is SEK 5 803 200.‌" (Articles 3, 6, State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Representation in elected body Yes. Art 11a, "A party that has gained at least 4 per cent of the votes nationwide in an election to the Riksdag and, in the next election to the Riksdag, gains less than 2 per cent of the votes nationwide is only entitled to half the financial support stated in Sections 3 and 9.‌ (Article 11a, State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Participation in election Yes. Under this Act, State financial support is paid to political parties that have taken part in elections to the Riksdag.‌ (State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Number of candidates No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of seats in previous election Yes. Art 2, "Party support is paid per seat in the Riksdag.‌ Each seat in the Riksdag receives a contribution of SEK 333 300.‌"
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of votes in next election No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Registration as a political party No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Share of seats in next election No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Number of members No. Absent from legal framework
Eligibility criteria for direct public funding to political parties: Other Yes. Must not have received anonymous donations (Section 1(1) State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)

Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties

Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to votes received No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Equal No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to seats received Yes. Extensive allocation criteria in the provisions which are too long to restate here. (Section 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 a State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Flat rate by votes received No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Share of expenses reimbursed No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Proportional to candidates fielded No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Number of members No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation calculations for direct public funding to political parties: Other Yes. Every party that recieves 4% of the votes, recieves 5.803.200 SEK in Secretariat Support and recieves a supplementary contribution of SEK 16,350 per Riksdag seat for the government parties and 24.300 SEK. In addition to the state funds provided to the parties’ national organisations, the parties represented in the Riksdag receive financial support for the activities of the members of the Riksdag and of the respective party groups.‌ The contributions are distributed in the form of basic support, support for political advisers, travelling etc.‌ The basic support consists of a fixed amount and a supplement based on the number seats won in the Riksdag.‌ Currently, the amount set is SEK 1.‌7 million (EUR 153,500) per year.‌ A party group representing the Government is entitled to one set amount.‌ Other party groups are entitled to two set amounts.‌ The supplement is SEK 57,000 (EUR 5,100) per year and member.‌" (Section 6, State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)

Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties

Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Campaign spending Yes. Section 1 Under this Act, State financial support is paid to political parties that have taken part in elections to the Riksdag. The forms of financial support are ‘party support’ and ‘secretariat support’. (Section 1, State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014)
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Ongoing party activities No. Absent from legal framework
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Intra-party institution No. Absent from legal framework
Earmarking provisions for direct public funding to political parties: Other No. Absent from legal framework

Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties

Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Equal No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Number of candidates No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Share of seats No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Share of votes in preceding election No. Absent from legal framework
Allocation criteria for free or subsidized access to media for political parties: Other No. Absent from legal framework
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates? no. Absent from legal framework

Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?

Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Premises for campaign meetings Yes. Chapter 4, Section 20 "Every municipality shall ensure that there are appropriate premises that can be used as polling stations and that, as regards location, accessibility and opening hours, they provide voters with good opportunities to vote." (Chapter 4, Section 20, Election Act (2005:837) amended 2014)
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Space for campaign materials No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Tax relief No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Free or subsidised transport No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Free or subsidised postage cost No. Absent from legal framework
Provisions for any other form of indirect public funding: Other Yes. Chapter 6 Section 9 "Ballot papers will be delivered only if they are paid in advance. However, for a party that already prior to the election is entitled to ballot papers at the expense of the state, payment in advance is only required to the extent that the order relates to more ballot papers than as specified in Section 8, second paragraph". (Chapter 6 Section 9, Election Act (2005:837) amended 2014)
Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates? No. However provisions require: A revenue statement shall contain in-formation about the size of: 3- support to a women"s organisation within the party under the Act on State financial support to parhamentary parties’ women‘s organisations (Section 6(3) Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? No. However provisions require: A revenue statement shall contain in-formation about the size of: 3- support to a women"s organisation within the party under the Act on State financial support to parhamentary parties’ women‘s organisations (Section 6(3) Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))

Regulations on spending 

Is there a ban on vote buying? Yes. Chapter 17 Section 8 "A person who, in an election to public office or in connection with some other exercise of suffrage in public matters, attempts to prevent voting or to tamper with its outcome or otherwise improperly influence the vote, shall be sentenced for improper activity at election to a fine or imprisonment for at most six months" (Chapter 17 Section 8, Criminal Code (1962:700) amended 2016)
Are there bans on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate? No. Absent from legal framework
Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend? No. Absent from legal framework
Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend? No. Absent from legal framework

Reporting, oversight and sanctions 

Reporting standards

Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances? Yes. A party shall report to liilannnarlcollegiet [the Legal Financial and Administrative Services Agency} on how it has t'n1anced its political activities. The report shall provide a clear accoinit of the fluids fiom which the activities have benefited and where these funds come from (revenue statement)- The revenue statement shall cover the parlyis activities at central level.If anyone has been appointed a member or altemate member of the Riksdag or the European Parhament following personal preference voting, the parlyis revenue statement shall also cover the member°s or altemate’s personal election campaign- (Section 4, Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016) )
Do political parties have to report on their finances in relation to election campaigns? No. Absent from legal framework
Do candidates have to report on their campaign finances? Yes. The purpose of the Act is to ensure transparencv to the puhlic regarding how parties finance their political activities and how electoral candidates finance their personal election campaigns- Candidate election campaign expenses probably fall within section 4: A party shall report to liilannnarlcollegiet [the Legal Financial and Administrative Services Agency} on how it has financed its political activities. The report shall provide a clear accoinit of the funds fiom which the activities have benefited and where these funds come from (Section 1 & 4 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Is information in reports from political parties and/​or candidates to be made public? Yes. On the website of the Kammarkollegiet (the website publication will however not include the identity of physical persons making donations; this information will only be available through the Kammarkollegiet office) (Section 12 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Must reports from political parties and/​or candidates reveal the identity of donors? No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Electoral Management Board No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Auditing agency No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Ministry No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Special institution No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Court No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions receiving financial reports from political parties and/​or candidates: Other Yes. Kammarkollegiet exercises supervision of compliance with this Act and regulations issued in connection with this Act- (Section 13 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))

Political finance oversight

Is it specified that a particular institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/​or investigating violations?
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Court Yes. Section 13 A decision to issue an order under Section 14, to charge a late submission fee under Section 15 or to charge a special fee under Section 15‘ may be appealed to a general administrative court. Either decisions pursuant to this Act are not subject to appeal. (Section 23 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Ministry No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Auditing agency No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Electoral Management Body No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Institution for this purpose No. Absent from legal framework
Institution responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations: Other Yes. Kammarkollegiet exercises supervision of compliance with this Act and regulations issued in connection with this Act- (Section 13 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Other institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Court Yes. An administrative court (“allmän förvaltningsdomstol”) can hear appeals against imposed sanctions. (Section 23 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Ministry No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Auditing agency No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: EMB No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Institution for this purpose No. Absent from legal framework
Institutions with a formal role in political finance oversight: Other No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Fines yes. A number of fines from Section 15 - 21 Section 15 A party that is required by this Act to submit a revenue statement or a notification imder Section 1!], second paragraph-_ shall be charged a late submission fee of SEE It} EDD if the statement or notification has not been received by Kammarkollegiet within the prescribed time. (Section 15 - 21 Act on transparency of party financing (2014, amended 2016))
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of public funding No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Penal/Criminal No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Forfeiture No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Deregistration of party No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of elected office No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Suspension of political party No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of nomination of candidate No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Loss of political rights No. Absent from legal framework
Sanctions for political finance infractions: Other No. Absent from legal framework

Legislation

Criminal Code (1962:700) amended 2016 (Swedish)pdf
Act on transparency of party financing (2014:105) amended 2016 (Swedish)pdf
Local government act ("Kommunallag") (1991:900) amended 2015 (Swedish)pdf
State Financial Support to Political Parties, Act (1972:625) amended 2014 (Swedish)pdf
Election Act (2005:837) amended 2014 (Swedish)pdf

*Last update: 2017


Financial Disclosure

Swedish financial disclosure law makes no obligations for Ministers and Civil Servants. Only Members of Parliament are subject to making declarations as to the Disclosure Act (2008, amended in 2016). These declarations must include real estate serving a business purpose, any income-generating employment which is not temporary, shares held in private companies, government contracts held, and board or accounting positions in enterprises. Should Members of Parliament already have a contract of financial nature with an employer which takes effect after the end of their mandate they must include this in the declaration. Family members must not be included in disclosure statements.

Members of Parliament first submit their statements when taking office, and submit any changes within four weeks after they arise. No sanctions are specified for MPs who fail to make a declaration, or make false statements. No enforcement body is specified to verify submissions, their accuracy, or to impose possible sanctions. Declarations are submitted with a register of parliament. They are not accessible to the public.

(Note: The Head of State is a monarch and thus exempted from disclosure laws.)


Quantitative Data

Primary Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Disclosure items877722
Filing frequency1212121231
Sanctions00000
Monitoring and Oversight06666
Public access to declarations60000

Alternative Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Head of State00000
Ministers000025
Members of Parliament2121212123
Civil servants00000

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness


Qualitative Data

We are frequently reviewing and refining our data, so in case you notice any mistake in our assessment, feel free to send us an email by clicking the button ()

Head of State

Disclosure items

Spouses and children included in disclosure No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Income and Assets
Real estate No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Movable assets No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Cash No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Loans and Debts No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Income from outside employment/assets No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Holding government contracts No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Post-employment No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Filing frequency

Filing required upon taking office No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Filing required upon leaving office No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Filing required annually No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Sanctions

Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Depository body explicitly identified No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Enforcement body explicitly identified No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Public access to declarations

Public availability No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Timing of information release specified No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Location(s) of access specified No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Cost of access specified No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Ministers

Disclosure items

Spouses and children included in disclosure Yes. Children are included in teh legal framework whereas spuses' interests are declared on the basis of an agreement (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Income and Assets
Real estate No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cash No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Loans and Debts No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Income from outside employment/assets No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official Yes. Absent from legal framework (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings Yes. Stocks, bonds, shares in securities funds, private bonds, mutual funds and other securities held through accounts for so-called individual pension savings schemes (IPS) and investment savings accounts (ISK) (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Yes. Stocks, bonds, shares in securities funds, private bonds, mutual funds and other securities held through accounts for so-called individual pension savings schemes (IPS) and investment savings accounts (ISK) (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Holding government contracts Yes. Stocks, bonds, shares in securities funds, private bonds, mutual funds and other securities held through accounts for so-called individual pension savings schemes (IPS) and investment savings accounts (ISK) (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Post-employment No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Filing frequency

Filing required upon taking office Yes. Ministers must report their current holding of financial instruments as soon as possible after entering office (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Filing required annually Yes. Ministers must then report their current holdings on an annual basis (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest Yes. Any change in ownership resulting from an acquisition, divestment, or transfer must be reported within seven days. (Act on the obligation for certain public officials to report holdings of financial instruments, 2018 (last amended 2019))

Sanctions

Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Depository body explicitly identified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Enforcement body explicitly identified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Public access to declarations

Public availability No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Timing of information release specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cost of access specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Members of Parliament

Disclosure items

Spouses and children included in disclosure No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Income and Assets
Real estate Yes. Ownership, in whole or in part, of business premises (Article 8 (2) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Movable assets No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cash No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Loans and Debts Yes. Debts exceeding two price base amounts (SEK 89.600, approximately EUR 9.380) (Article 8 (11) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Income from outside employment/assets Yes. Salaried employment which is not only temporary and income-generating independent activities alongside the office of Representative. (Article 8 (3) and (6) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official Yes. A member who receives a gift mainly due to his or her membership assignment must report this for registration in the gift register. However, this does not apply if the gift lacks or has an insignificant financial value. The gift register shall contain information on: 1. the name of the member who received the gift, 2. the name of the person who donated the gift and, where applicable, information on the name of the person who handed over the gift, 3. when and in what context the gift was received received, 4. what kind of item the gift is, 5. where the gift is stored, and 6. if the gift has been thinned. (Article 8 and 11 of the Act on Registration and handling of Gifts received by Members of the Parliament (2016, last amended 2018))
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings Yes. Holdings of shares in a stock company, shares in a partnership or an economic association except housing cooperative and share in a equivalent foreign legal entity, if the value of the shares or percentage in respect of any corporation or association or equivalent legal person at the time of registration exceeding two basic amounts under Act (1962: 381) insurance. (Article 8 (1) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Holding government contracts Yes. Contracts of a financial nature with former employers, such contracts if salary or pension, or another benefit is paid during the period scope of the assignment Member of Parliament. (Article 8 (4) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm Yes. Board appointments and assignments accountant in the corporation, partnership, economic association or equivalent foreign legal entity. (Article 8 (7) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Post-employment Yes. Contracts of a financial nature with an employer or principals, although the contract may effect only after the mission as a member of parliament has ceased. (Article 8 (5) of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Filing frequency

Filing required upon taking office Yes. Registration takes place following the notification of Parliament and/ or New to registration information must be notified in writing within four weeks. (Article 2, 6 and 8 of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Filing required upon leaving office No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Filing required annually No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest Yes. Changes registered must be notified in writing within four weeks after they arise. Concerning gifts, notification ot the register must be made in writing to the Riksdag Administration no later than two weeks after the gift has been received (Article 4 and 8 of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019) Article 8 of the Act on Registration and handling of Gifts received by Members of Parliament (2016, last amended 2018))

Sanctions

Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Depository body explicitly identified Yes. The register shall give comprehensive information about MPs commitments and economic interests to the extent justified if a legitimate public interest. (Article 1 and 5 of the Registration of the Commitments and Economic Involvements of Members of the Riksdag (1996 amended 2019))
Enforcement body explicitly identified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Public access to declarations

Public availability No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Timing of information release specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cost of access specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Civil servants

Disclosure items

Spouses and children included in disclosure No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Income and Assets
Real estate No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Movable assets No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cash No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Loans and Debts No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Income from outside employment/assets No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Incompatibilities
Gifts received as a public official No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Holding government contracts No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Post-employment No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Concurrent employment of family members in public sector No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Filing frequency

Filing required upon taking office No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Filing required upon leaving office No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Filing required annually No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Ad hoc filing required upon change in assets or conflicts of interest No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Sanctions

Sanctions stipulated for late filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for non-filing (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Sanctions stipulated for false disclosure (fines, administrative, and/or criminal) No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Depository body explicitly identified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Enforcement body explicitly identified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying submission No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Some agency assigned responsibility for verifying accuracy No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Public access to declarations

Public availability No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Timing of information release specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Location(s) of access specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)
Cost of access specified No. Absent from legal framework (General)

Legislation

Act on the Obligation for Public Officials to Report Holdings of Financial Instruments of 2018_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Act on the Registration of Members of the Riksdag's Financial Interests of 1996_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Act on Registration and Handling of Gifts Received by Members of the Riksdag of 2016_SWE (Swedish)pdf

*Last update: 2017


Conflict of Interest

The Swedish Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2016) specifies restrictions governing conflicts of interests for Ministers and Civil Servants. It refers mainly to them not pursuing additional employment, holding another office, or engaging in any activity which may damage their integrity. This would restrict Ministers and Civil Servants from owning private or public firms, and from holding managerial or advisory positions in companies. Ministers face similar requirements which are specified in the Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2015). It includes a general clause on Ministers avoiding any activity which may impair public confidence in their office. Additionally, it prevents Ministers from engaging in managerial or advisory positions in public or private companies via a clause which forbids following any other employment.

All the while, no sanctions are specified for public officials who violate any of these requirements. The Committee on the Constitution is responsible for providing guidance and supervision to Ministers, MPs, and Civil Servants. It is also charged with law enforcement for Members of Parliament. Meanwhile, no enforcement body is specified for Ministers and Civil Servants.

(Note: The Head of State is a monarch and thus exempted from conflicts of interests laws.)


Quantitative Data

Primary Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Restrictions3535353535
Sanctions00000
Monitoring and Oversight5050505050

Alternative Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Head of State33333
Ministers3333333333
Members of Parliament4747474747
Civil servants3030303030

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness


Qualitative Data

We are frequently reviewing and refining our data, so in case you notice any mistake in our assessment, feel free to send us an email by clicking the button ()

Head of State

Restrictions

General restriction on conflict of interest No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Accepting gifts No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Holding government contracts No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Post-employment No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position Yes. The Head of State may not at the same time be a minister, hold the office of Speaker or serve as a member of the Riksdag. (Chapter 5 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Sanctions

Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings) No. Head of state is monarch. Legal provisions do not apply. (General)

Ministers

Restrictions

General restriction on conflict of interest Yes. A minister may not have any other employment. Neither may he or she hold any appointment or engage in any activity which might impair public confidence in him or her. (Chapter 6 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Accepting gifts No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings Yes. A minister may not have any other employment. (Chapter 6 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Yes. A minister may not have any other employment. (Chapter 6 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Holding government contracts Yes. A minister may not have any other employment. (Chapter 6 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm Yes. A minister may not have any other employment. (Chapter 6 Article 2 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Post-employment No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Sanctions

Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking) Yes. The Committee on the Constitution (Chapter 13 Article 1 Constitution of Sweden (1974, last amended 2012) )
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings) No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Members of Parliament

Restrictions

General restriction on conflict of interest No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Accepting gifts No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Holding government contracts Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Post-employment No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Sanctions

Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking) Yes. The Committee on the Constitution (Article 7.5.1 (Common provisions on elections in the parliament )of The Riksdag Act (1974, last amended 2012))
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings) Yes. The Committee on the Constitution (Article 7.5.1 (Common provisions on elections in the parliament )of The Riksdag Act (1974, last amended 2012))

Civil servants

Restrictions

General restriction on conflict of interest No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Accepting gifts No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Private firm ownership and/or stock holdings Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Holding government contracts Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Board member, advisor, or company officer of private firm Yes. An employee may not have any employment, or any office or engage in any activity that may undermine confidence in his or any other employee's impartiality in the work or that may damage the reputation of the authority. (Article 7 Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Post-employment No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Simultaneously holding policy-making position and policy-executing position No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Participating in official decision-making processes that affect private interests No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Assisting family or friends in obtaining employment in public sector No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Sanctions

Fines are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Administrative sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Penal sanctions are stipulated for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Monitoring and Oversight

Monitoring body specified (guidance, training, data tracking) Yes. The Employer tracks data for possible conflicts of interest. (Article 7 (c) Public Employment Act (1994, last amended 2012))
Enforcement body specified (sanctions, hearings) No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Legislation

Constitution of Sweden (Swedish)pdf
The Riksdag Act (2014:801) (Swedish)pdf
Government Offices’ Guidelines for gifts to cabinet ministers of 2008 (Swedish)pdf
Act on Restrictions on the Transfer of Ministers and State Secretaries to Other than State Activities of 2018 (2018: 676) (Swedish)pdf
Act on Registration and Handling of Gifts Received by Members of the Riksdag of 2016 (2016:1117) (Swedish)pdf
Act on the Registration of Members of the Riksdag's Commitments and Financial Interests of 1996 (1996: 810) (Swedish)pdf
Riksdag Code of Conduct of 2016 (Swedish)pdf
Law No. 260 on Public Employment of 1994 (Swedish)pdf

*Last update: 2017


Freedom of Information

The freedom of information framework in Sweden is established by its Constitution (1974), the Freedom of the Press Act (1949), and the Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009, amended 2015). The FOI law (2009) applies to all decision-making assemblies and limited companies, partnerships, for-profit associations and foundations where municipalities or county councils exercise legally decisive influence.

Specific exemptions to disclosure are outlined in the aforementioned laws, and the Personal Data Act (1998). No public interest test exists whereby exemptions to disclosure may be overridden in cases where disclosure of information benefits the public interest.

Appeals are presented to an administrative court of appeal. If the party whose application has been rejected is a central government authority, the appeal is presented to the Government instead of to an administrative court of appeal. Decisions of Parliament, the Government, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court cannot be appealed.

There are no sanctions specified in the law for violations of FOI provisions, nor are there any enforcement or oversight bodies tasked with managing implementation.


Quantitative Data

Primary Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Scope and Coverage8989898989
Information access and release3838383838
Exceptions and Overrides5050505067
Sanctions for non-compliance0000100
Monitoring and Oversight00000

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness


Qualitative Data

We are frequently reviewing and refining our data, so in case you notice any mistake in our assessment, feel free to send us an email by clicking the button ()

Scope and Coverage

Scope of disclosure

Existence of legal right to access Yes. Every Swedish citizen shall be entitled to have free access to official documents, in order to encourage the free exchange of opinion and the availability of comprehensive information. (Article 1, Constitution of Sweden, 1974)
"Information" or "Documents" is defined Yes. Document is understood to mean any written or pictorial matter or recording which may be read, listened to, or otherwise comprehended only using technical aids. A document is official if it is held by a public authority, and if it can be deemed under Article 6 or 7 to have been received or drawn up by such an authority. (Article 3 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Proactive disclosure is specified No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Coverage of public and private sectors

Executive branch Yes. The Freedom of the Press Act does not define what is meant by ‘public authority’ but is interpreted as equating all decision-making assemblies with public authorities. (Chapter 2, Article 3 and Article 5 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Legislative branch Yes. The "Riksdag" (Swedish parliament) is explicitly included under the scope of FOI. (Chapter 2, Article 5 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018 Chapter 2 Article 2 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Judicial branch Yes. The Freedom of the Press Act does not state what is meant by ‘public institution’ but is interpreted as equating all decision-making assemblies with public authorities. As such, all judicial bodies and agencies are covered by the right to information. (Chapter 2, Article 3 and Article 5 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Other public bodies Yes. For the purposes of the FOIA, a body is treated as a public authority when it deals with the kinds of public documents covered by the law. A list of bodies which are equated to public authorities - and thus subject to the FOIA - is specified. (Chapter 2 Article 4, Article 5 and Annex Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Private sector Yes. There is no explicit mention of private bodies that perform public functions. However official government guidance on the legislation interprets the laws as applying to limited companies, partnerships, for-profit associations and foundations where municipalities or county councils exercise legally decisive influence. (Chapter 2 Article 3 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)

Access to specific documents (subject to reactive and/or proactive disclosure)

Draft legal instruments Yes. Draft legislation is subject to the FOIA and is available on request, subject to the exemptions that apply. (Chapter 2 Article 3 and Article 7 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Enacted legal instruments Yes. Laws must be published in the Swedish Code of Statutes as soon as possible. (Article 19 Constitution of Sweden, 1974)
Annual budgets Yes. The government must submit a Budget Bill (in the autumn) and Spring Fiscal Bill (in the spring) to parliament for approval of central government budgets. Public institution budgets are subject to the FOIA and are available on request, subject to the exemptions that apply. (Chapter 9 Article 5 The Riksdag Act 2014, amended 2020 Chapter 9 Articles 1 - 5 Constitution of Sweden, 1974 Chapter 2 Article 1 and Article 2 State Budget Act 2011, amended 2014 Chapter 2 Article 3 and Article 7 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Annual chart of accounts (actual expenditures) Yes. Central government must submit an annual report on expenditure to the Riksdag. Public institution accounts are subject to the FOIA and are available on request, subject to the exemptions that apply. (Chapter 9 Section 10 Constitution of Sweden, 1974 Chapter 10, Section 3 and Section 5 State Budget Act 2011, amended 2014 Section 11, Auditing of State Activities Act 2002, amended 2019 Chapter 2 Article 3 and Article 7 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Annual reports of public entities and programs Yes. At the end of a budgetary period, the Government must submit an annual report for the State to the Riksdag. This must include actual costs against the budget and information on significant risks and losses. Public institution annual reports are subject to the FOIA and are available on request, subject to the exemptions that apply. (Chapter 9 Section 10 Constitution of Sweden, 1974 Chapter 10 Section 5 and Section 6 State Budget Act 2011, amended 2014 Section 11, Auditing of State Activities Act 2002, amended 2019 Chapter 2 Article 3 and Article 7 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)

Information access and release

Procedural access

Universal access (agencies, citizens and non-citizens) Yes. The law expressly provides a right of access to official documents to every Swedish citizen. It also states that an official document to which the public has access shall be made available to any person wishing to examine it. (Chapter 2, Article 1 and Article 12 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Type of request is specified (written, electronic, oral) No. The law does not state explicitly the format in which information requests should be made. The law simply states that an "official document to which the public has access shall be made available on request". (Chapter 2, Article 12 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Assistance to requesters must be provided by law (includes barriers due to language differences, illiteracy, complexity of requests, etc.) Yes. Public authorities must provide information, guidance, advice and similar assistance to all persons concerning matters falling within the scope of its functions (Section 7, Administrative Procedure Act 2017, amended 2019)
Cost of access is specified (free, request fees, photocopying costs, other administrative costs) Yes. Access to a document is free. Copies can be taken for a fixed fee; the law does not specify who sets the fee or place any maximum limit upon the fee. (Chapter 2, Article 13 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)

Deadlines for release of information

20-day response deadline No. A request to obtain an official document must be considered speedily by the authority. No time frames are specified. (Chapter 2, Article 12 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018)
Agency granted right to extend response time No. One reason for a delay in the provision of an official document may be that the authority must consider whether the information contained in the document is secret under the law. No extension time is explicitly mentioned. (Chapter 6 Article 3 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Maximum total response time of no more than 40 days No. No time frames are specified in the law. (General)

Exceptions and Overrides

Exemptions to disclosure

Existence of secrecy/states secrets law Yes. The Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2014 governs all secrecy in public activities aside from when courts can hold closed hearings. (Chapter 1 Article 1 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Existence of personal privacy/data law Yes. Law (2018: 218) with supplementary provisions to the EU Data Protection Regulation (Law (2018: 218) with supplementary provisions to the EU Data Protection Regulation)
Specific exemptions to disclosure Yes. Access to official documents may be restricted only if restriction is necessary to protect national security, international relations; national fiscal policy, the inspection, control or other supervisory activities of a public authority; crime prevention or prosecution; economic interests of the public institution; protection of the personal or economic circumstances of individuals; preservation of animal or plant species. Personal information may only be disclosed to a third party under specified circumstances. Preparatory documents for Riksdag committees, auditors of local authorities, official commissions of inquiry or local authorities and preliminary outlines or drafts of a public authority cannot be disclosed. (Chapter 2 Article 2, Article 3, Article 7, Article 9 Freedom of Press Act, 1949 Part IV (Chapters 15 to 20) and Part V Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020 Law (2018: 218) with supplementary provisions to the EU Data Protection Regulation )
Public Interest test: Specified exemptions to disclosure may be overridden in cases where disclosure of information benefits the public interest.

Appeals

Appeals allowed within public entities No. If the individual official who receives the request for information refuses access, the applicant can ask someone else in the authority to assess the application. There is however no internal appeal against the decision of that authority. (Chapter 6 Article 3 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Independent, non-judicial appeals mechanism, e.g., information commissioner. Does not include Ombudsman unless appeals decisions are binding. No. The Ombudsman is only mentioned in terms of his/her involvement in appeals processes but decisions are non-binding. (General)
Judicial appeals mechanism Yes. Appeals are usually presented to an administrative court of appeal. A decision of such a court may be appealed against to the Supreme Administrative Court. If the party whose application has been rejected is a central government authority, the appeal is presented to the Government instead of to an administrative court of appeal. Decisions of Parliament, the Government, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court cannot be appealed. (Chapter 2, Article 15 Freedom of the Press Act 1949, amended 2018 Chapter 6 Article 7 and Article 8 Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)

Sanctions for non-compliance

Administrative sanctions are specified for violations of disclosure requirements Yes. Anyone who intentionally intervenes in violation of ch. § 2 firstparagraph 2 is sentenced, if the measure constitutes dismissal, termination,notification of disciplinary sanction or a similar measure, to a fine or imprisonment fora maximum of one year. The same applies to anyone who intentionally investigates in violation of ch. §2 firstparagraph 3. Law (2010: 1348). (Chapter 14, Section 1, Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2015)
Fines are specified for violations of disclosure requirements Yes. Anyone who intentionally intervenes in violation of ch. § 2 firstparagraph 2 is sentenced, if the measure constitutes dismissal, termination,notification of disciplinary sanction or a similar measure, to a fine or imprisonment fora maximum of one year. The same applies to anyone who intentionally investigates in violation of ch. §2 firstparagraph 3. Law (2010: 1348). (Chapter 14, Section 1, Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2020)
Criminal sanctions are specified for violations of disclosure requirements Yes. The Criminal Code contains provisions on liability for those who violate the prohibition under this Act to disclose or use information and for those who violatereservations that have been made with the support of the Act when disclosinginformation. Responsibility according to ch. 20 Section 3 of the Criminal Code shall not, however,follow if someone whose employment with an authority has ceased, discloses oruses information in violation of ch. 1 and 2 §§. Lag (2010: 1348). (Chapter 14, Section 2, Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act, 2009, amended 2017 ; Chapter 20 Section 3 of the Criminal Code)

Monitoring and Oversight

Information officers must be appointed in public agencies No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Public body that is responsible for applying sanctions No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Public body that is responsible for public outreach (raising public awareness) No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Nodal agency for RTI (implementation support/compliance within public sector). Does not include Ombudsman. No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Ombudsman involvement in implementation is specified by law No. Absent from legal framework. (General)
Reporting of data and/or implementation is required No. Absent from legal framework. (General)

Legislation

Constitution of Sweden of 1974_SWE (English)pdf
Freedom of the Press Ordinance of 1949_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act of 2009_SWE (Swedish)pdf
The Riksdag Act of 2014_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Budget Act of 2011_SWE (English)pdf
Auditing of State Activities Act of 2002_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Administrative Act of 2017_SWE (Swedish)pdf
Act with supplementary provisions to the EU Data Protection Regulation of 2018_SWE (Swedish)pdf

*Last update: 2017


Public Procurement

The Swedish public procurement system is regulated by the Public Procurement Act (2007) and Utilities Act (2007) and other legislations – e.g. Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009) – also include specific rules related to government tendering. The public procurement body is the National Agency for Public Procurement, which is an independent organization.

The lowest minimum thresholds for conducting a public procurement tender are:

▪         SEK 534,890 (ca. EUR 55,000) for goods, works and services

The minimum number of bidders is 5 for restricted procedures and 3 for negotiated procedures and competitive dialogue. The minimum submission period is 52 days for open procedures, 40 days for restricted procedures and 37 for negotiated procedures from dispatch date. The final beneficial owners have to not have to be disclosed when placing a bid, but authorities are entitled to request this information.

There is no preferential treatment for SMEs or domestic companies, but sustainability factors can be considered during the awarding process. There are several options for bid exclusion: conviction for participation in criminal organization, corruption, fraud, money laundering, bankruptcy, judgment for professional practice, guilty of professional misconduct, outstanding tax or social security liabilities, failure to provide information or providing false information. Bids can be also excluded because of abnormally low bid prices.

In the bid evaluation phase, there are conflict of interest restrictions on the composition of the evaluation committee. However, no form of independence of  the contracting authority is mandated for the evaluation committee.

There is no arbitration procedure, as each case goes to the Administrative Court located in the contracting authority’s district.


Quantitative Data

Primary Metric

20122015201620172020Trend
Scope90899297
Information availability15151515
Evaluation62626269
Open competition75757542
Institutional arrangements36363629

Values lie in range between 0 and 100, higher values implying higher legislation comprehensiveness


Qualitative Data

We are frequently reviewing and refining our data, so in case you notice any mistake in our assessment, feel free to send us an email by clicking the button ()

Scope

Threshold - lowest PP

What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type GOODS) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39)
What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type WORKS) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39)
What is the minimum contract value above which the public procurement law is applied? (Product type SERVICES) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39 )

Threshold - by PP type

What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: PUBLIC SECTOR) SEK 100000. National procedures (direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure) apply to contracts whose value is equal or higher than SEK 100,000. As of 2020, EU thresholds are: 1. EUR 139,000 or SEK 1,427,377 for goods and services contracts awarded by central contracting authorities (including specified contracts in the defence and security sector); 2. EUR 214,000 or SEK 2,197,545 for goods and services contracts awarded by non-central contracting authorities (including specified contracts in the defence and security sector); 3. EUR 5,350,000 or SEK 54,938,615 for works contracts. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39 Announcement No. 8 of 2020 on threshold values ​​in public procurement)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: UTILITIES) SEK 100000. National procedures (direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure) apply to contracts whose value is equal or higher than SEK 100,000. In the utilities sector, as of 2020, EU thresholds are: EUR 214,000 or SEK 2,197,545 for goods and services, and EUR 5,350,000 or SEK 54,938,615 for works contracts. For concessions, applicable EU thresholds are: EUR 428,000 or SEK 4,395,089 for goods and services contracts and EUR 5,350,000 or 54,938,615 for works contracts. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39 Announcement No. 8 of 2020 on threshold values ​​in public procurement)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Entity: DEFENCE) SEK 1142723. Direct procurement may be used in the defende and security sector if the value of the contract amounts to a maximum of 26% of the EU threshold value applicable to the procurement of goods and services. In 2020, applicable EU thresholds are: 1. EUR 428,000 or SEK 4,395,089 for the procurement of goods and services; 2. EUR 5,350,000 or SEK 54,938,615 for the procurement of works. Therefore, the threshold amount for direct procurement is SEK 1,142,723.14. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 3 §§ 3 and 4 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 15 §§ 3 and 20 and Chap. 3 § 1 Announcement No. 8 of 2020 on threshold values ​​in public procurement)

Threshold - by product type

What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type GOODS) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type WORKS) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39)
What are the minimum application thresholds for the procurement type? (Product type SERVICES) SEK 100000. Contracting authorities are not obliged to document the implementation of a tender, or to maintain documentation sufficient to justify their decision during all stages of the procurement if the value of the contract is less than SEK 100,000 - the Law on Public Procurement makes no distinction between goods and services or works contracts. Different procedures and publicity requirements apply to different thresholds. Below EU thresholds, the following procedures apply: direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 5 §§ 1 and 2, Chap. 19 §§ 4-5, 30 and 39)

Information availability

Publishing and record keeping

Is there a requirement that tender documents must published in full? Yes. The contracting authority shall, when announcing a procurement, pre-announcing and announcing a project competition by electronic means, provide free, direct, and complete access to the procurement documents from the day the advertisement is published. The Internet address where the documents are available must be stated in the advertisement. Should that not be possible, the authority shall state in the advertisement how the suppliers can gain access to the document in some other way. The contracting authority shall in the procurement documents: 1. determine the object of the procurement by describing the authority's needs and what is required in terms of properties of the goods, services or construction contracts to be procured; 2. state what in the description constitutes the minimum requirements that all tenders must meet; and 3. specify the criteria for the award of the contract. The information provided in the procurement documents must be sufficient for a supplier to be able to assess the nature and scope of the procurement and thus be able to decide whether it should apply to participate in the procedure. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 1 § 23 and Chap. 6 § 7 and Chap. 10 § 7 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 8 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 § 8)
Are any of these documents published online at a central place? No. There exists no central public procurement platform managed by the state. Private databases, such as https://www.opic.com/, exist and can potentially be helpful to bidders. As the latest development, a motion (2020/21: 156) was submitted in Parliament by Hampus Hagman (KD), in September 2020, to give the Procurement Authority the task of developing a state platform for all public procurement and announces this to the Government.
Is it mandatory to keep all of these records? -Public notices of bidding opportunities, -Bidding documents and addenda, -Bid opening records, -Bid evaluation reports, -Formal appeals by bidders and outcomes, -Final signed contract documents and addenda and amendments, -Claims and dispute resolutions, -Final payments, -Disbursement data (as required by the country’s financial management system) Yes. When a procurement has been completed, a contracting authority shall satisfactorily store tender applications and tenders with accompanying descriptions, models and drawings as well as tender lists, summaries, such documents referred to in section 14, the individual report pursuant to section 15 and similar documents. The documents must be preserved for at least four years from the date on which the contract was awarded. The contracting authority shall also preserve the contract or framework agreement that has been entered into after procurement in accordance with the Law on Public Procurement. The contract or framework agreement must be maintained at least during its term. A contracting authority shall document the implementation of a procurement, in such a way that it is sufficient to justify the authority's decision during all stages of the procurement. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 §§ 14, 15 and 17 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 § 14, 15 and 16 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 13)
Are contracts awarded within a framework agreement published (ie mini contracts)? No. It is not mandatory for contracts awarded on the basis of a framework agreement to be published. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 4 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 5 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 8 § 3)

Sub-contracting

Is it mandatory to publish information on subcontractors (ie names) in some cases? No. The contracting authority may request a supplier to submit information on: 1. whether and, if so, how much of the contract that the supplier may fulfill by outsourcing to someone other than the supplier; and 2. which subcontractors the supplier intends to engage in the performance of the contract in that part. This request must be stated in the procurement documents. The contracting authority shall require that the supplier who has been awarded a construction or works contract, or a services contract to be provided at a facility under the direct supervision of the authority, states the names and contact details of the subcontractors engaged and of the legal representatives of the subcontractors. The information must be provided before the supplier begins to fulfill the contract. However, there is no indication in the Law on Public Procurement that such information must be published. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 17 §§ 6 and 7 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 16 §§ 6 and 7 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 14 § 2)
If yes, what is the threshold for publication (i.e. the % of total contract value subcontracted)? For example, if the threshold is 75%, and you have subcontracted out only 40% of your contract, no disclosure is required. Consultant will insert 75% in the short answer column. General.

Evaluation

Preferential treatment

Is there a ban on mentioning specific companies or brands in tender specification/call for tender? Yes. If it leads to certain suppliers being favored or disadvantaged, the technical specifications may not contain references to a make, origin or method of manufacture that characterizes goods or services provided by a particular supplier, trademark, patent or type origin or manufacture. However, such references may occur if it is justified by what is to be acquired or it is otherwise not possible to describe what is to be acquired sufficiently clearly. Such reference shall be followed by the words "or equivalent". (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 § 6 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 § 6 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 7 § 4)
Is there a preferential treatment for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs)? No.
Is there a preferential treatment for local/national companies? (companies from other EU MS are considered foreign companies) No. Contracting authorities shall treat suppliers in an equal and non-discriminatory manner and carry out procurements in a transparent manner. Procurement must also be carried out in accordance with the principles of mutual recognition and proportionality. A tender procedure may not be designed for the purposes of excluding evading the scope of application of the Law on Public Procurement, nor may it be designed for the purpose of restricting competition so that certain suppliers benefit or are disadvantaged in an improper manner. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 1 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 § 6 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 1)
Is there a specific set of rules for green/sustainable procurement? Yes. A contracting authority should take environmental considerations into account in public procurement if the nature of the procurement justifies this. Performance or functional requirements of a contract may include environmental properties. Non-compliance with environmental obligations on the part of bidders constitutes valid grounds for tenderer exclusion. Moreover, if a supplier's tender does not comply with applicable environmental law obligations, the contracting authority may decide that the supplier shall not be awarded the contract. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 3, Chap. 9 § 3, Chap. 13 § 3, Chap. 15 § 15 and Chap. 16 §§ 4, 5 and 9 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 3, Chap. 9 § 3, Chap. 13 § 3, Chap. 14 § 19 and Chap. 15 §§ 4, 5 and 9 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 7 § 12)

Bid evaluation

Are there restrictions on allowable grounds for tenderer exclusion? Yes. Main grounds for mandatory exclusion include: 1. conviction for participation in criminal organisations, bribery, fraud, money laundering or terrorist financing, terrorist offenses or offenses related to terrorist activities, human trafficking; and 2. no-compliance with obligations regarding payment of taxes or social security contributions in the bidder's own country or in the country where the procurement takes place. Discretionary exclusion can happen if: 1. the supplier has breached applicable environmental, social or employment law obligations; 2. the supplier: a) is bankrupt or is subject to insolvency or liquidation proceedings; b) is subject to compulsory administration; c) has entered into a composition agreement with creditors, or d) has discontinued its business activities or is in a similar situation as a result of a procedure under national laws and other regulations; 3. the supplier is guilty of professional misconduct; 4. sufficiently probable indications exist that the supplier has entered into agreements with other suppliers aimed at distorting competition; 5. the supplier has shown serious or persistent deficiencies in the fulfillment of any significant requirement in a previous public contract; 6. the authority cannot avoid distortion of competition or can not guarantee equal treatment of suppliers due to non-compliance and this can not be remedied by less intrusive measures than exclusion of the supplier; 7. the authority by other less intrusive measures than exclusion of the supplier cannot can remedy a distortion of competition due to previous participation on the part of the supplier; 8. the supplier to a serious extent: a) has provided incorrect information; b) has withheld such information; or c) has not submitted the supplementary documents that the authority has requested; or 9. the supplier has unduly attempted to influence the contracting authority's decision-making process or acquire confidential information which may give the supplier undue advantage in the procurement or has negligently provided misleading information which may have a material effect on the decisions taken during the procurement suppliers, selection of suppliers that can be awarded contracts and award of contracts. The contracting authority always gives the bidder the opportunity to comment before excluding them. Importantly, the contracting authority may refrain from complying with an obligation to exclude a supplier, if this is justified by overriding reasons in the public interest. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 13 §§ 1-8 and Chap. 19 § 18 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 13 §§ 1-8 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 1 and 2)
Are some bids automatically excluded? e.g., lowest/highest price; unusually low price, etc. No. If a tender appears to be abnormally low, the contracting authority shall request the supplier to explain the low price or cost. The authority shall reject the tender if the supplier has not satisfactorily explained the low price or cost. A contracting authority must also reject a supplier's tender if it finds that the abnormally low price is due to the tender not complying with applicable environmental, social or labor law obligations. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 16 § 7 and Chap. 19 § 27 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 15 § 7 and Chap. 19 § 27 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 13 § 3)
Is scoring criteria published? Yes. When the basis for evaluation of tenders is the best relationship between price and quality or cost, the award criteria shall be weighted among themselves. They may be weighted at intervals with a suitable maximum allowable spread. If the criteria cannot be weighted, the authority shall take them into account through a priority order. The authority must state in one of the procurement documents how the criteria are to be weighted or which order of priority is to be applied. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 16 § 6 and Chap. 19 § 26 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 15 § 6 and Chap. 19 § 26 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 13 §§ 1-2)
Are decisions always made by a committee? No.
Are there regulations on evaluation committee composition to prevent conflict of interest? No. There are no regulations to prevent conflicts of interest in the public procurement legislation, other than what follows from the general principles for public procurement. However, according to the Administrative Procedure Act (1986:223), general rules for the prevention of conflict of interests exist for all persons holding public office.
Is some part of evaluation committee mandatorily independent of contracting authority? No.
Are scoring results publicly available? No.
Does the law specify under which conditions the tender can be cancelled? No. The Law on Public Procurement only establishes that a written notice must be provided to the candidates and tenderers as soon as possible when the authority decides to cancel a procurement following a call for tenders and in the event of a decision to reopen a procurement. Such notification shall state the reasons for the decision. Nevertheless, the Law does not specify conditions for tender cancellation. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 § 12 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 § 12)

Open competition

CFT publication

Does the law specify the location for publicizing open calls for tenders? No. The Law on Public Procurement loosely speaks of the requirement to publish notices in an advertisement database that is registered in accordance with the Act (2019: 668) on Procurement Statistics. However, such a database does not exist/is not working yet. Moreover, there are no mentions to the Official Journal of the European Union, for notice advertisement of contracts above EU thresholds. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 5a and Chap. 19 § 13 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 10 § 6a and Chap. 19 § 13 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 8 § 5 and Chap. 15 § 7a)
Does the law specify the location for publicizing restricted calls for tenders? No.
Does the law specify the location for publicizing negotiated calls for tenders? No.

Minimum # of bidders

What is the minimum number of bidders for restricted procedures? General. General procurement: 5; Utilities: not mentioned; and Defence: 3 (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 7 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 §§ 3-4)
What is the minimum number of bidders for negotiated procedures? General. General procurement: 3; Utilities: not mentioned; and Defence: 3 (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 7 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 §§ 3-4)
What is the minimum number of bidders for competitive dialogue procedures? General. General procurement: 3; Utilities: not mentioned; and Defence: 3 (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 4 § 7 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 12 §§ 3-4)

Bidding period length

What are the minimum number of days for open procedures? General. In open proceedings, the time limit for submitting a tender shall be at least 35 days from the day when the advertisement for the procurement was sent for publication. If due to lack of time it is not possible to apply the deadlines specified in chapter 11 of the Law on Public Procurement, an accelerated procedure applies, in which case the time limit for submitting tenders is set at least 15 days from the date on which the advertisement for the procurement was sent for publication. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 2 and 10 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 2, 6 and 10 )
What are the minimum number of days for restricted procedures? General. In the case of a restricted procedure and a negotiated procedure with prior notice, the time limit for the submission of tenders shall be at least 30 days from the date on which the invitation to tender was sent to selected candidates. If, due to lack of time, it is not possible to apply the deadlines specified in chapter 11 of the Law on Public Procurement, an accelerated procedure applies, in which case the time limit for submitting tender applications in a selective (restricted) procedure and negotiated procedure with prior announcement may be set at at least 15 days from the date of the advertisement if the procurement was sent for publication, and at at least 10 days, from the day when the invitation to submit tenders was sent to selected candidates, for submission of tenders. Different deadlines apply in the defence and security sector. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 3 and 10 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 3, 5 and 10 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 §§ 1-5)
What are the minimum number of days  for competitive negotiated procedures? General. In the case of a restricted procedure and a negotiated procedure with prior notice, the time limit for the submission of tenders shall be at least 30 days from the date on which the invitation to tender was sent to selected candidates. If, due to lack of time, it is not possible to apply the deadlines specified in chapter 11 of the Law on Public Procurement, an accelerated procedure applies, in which case the time limit for submitting tender applications in a selective (restricted) procedure and negotiated procedure with prior announcement may be set at at least 15 days from the date of the advertisement if the procurement was sent for publication, and at at least 10 days, from the day when the invitation to submit tenders was sent to selected candidates, for submission of tenders. Different deadlines apply in the defence and security sector. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 3 and 10 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 11 §§ 3, 5 and 10 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 9 §§ 1-5)

Institutional arrangements

Institutions and regulations

Does the law specify the main EXCEPTIONS preventing the application of the public procurement law for tenders/organisations? Yes. Main exceptions include: 1. utilities, postal and defence services are excluded from the scope of the Law on Public Procurement, but covered by their respective special legislation; 2. contracts concerning communication network and electronic communication service; 3. procurement according to certain international rules; 4. contracts which are wholly or partly financed by an international organization or an international financial institution; 5. service contracts awarded on the basis of exclusive rights; 6. internal procurement; 7. contracts between contracting authorities; 8. contracts related to the acquisition of property, tenancy law, etc.; 9. contracts concerning media services, such as radio and tv, and broadcasting; 10. arbitration; 11. legal services; 12. financial services; 13. employment contracts; 14. specified services in the fields of civil defense, civil protection and danger prevention; 14. political campaigns; and 15. contracts relating to public transport by rail, metro or water. Other exceptions apply to the defence sector. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 3 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 3 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 1 §§ 7-10)
Does the law specify the main types of institutions that must apply the public procurement law? Yes. For the purposes of the Law on Public Procurement, an authority shall be equated with: 1. a decision-making assembly in a municipality or a region; 2. a publicly controlled body referred to in section 18; and 3. an association of: a) one or more of the previously mentioned authorities o assemblies; or b) one or more bodies according to 2. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 1 §§ 18A and 22A Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 1 §§ 17A, 22 and 23 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 2 §§ 19, 25 and 26)
Does the law specify the main procedure types or procurement methods permitted? Yes. In public procurement, under the conditions and in the manner specified in the Law on Public Procurement, the following procurement procedures may be used: 1. open procedure (except in the defence sector); 2. selective (restricted) procedure; 3. negotiated procedure with prior announcement; 4. negotiated procedure without prior announcement; 5. competitive dialogue, or 6. procedure for establishing innovation partnerships (except in the defence sector). Additionally, direct award, simplified procedure and selection procedure apply to contracts below EU thresholds. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 6 § 1 and Chap. 19 §§ 4, 5 and 6 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 6 § 1 and Chap. 19 § 7 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 15 § 3 and Chap. 4 § 1)
Is there a procurement arbitration court dedicated to public procurement cases? No. The General Administrative Court - not a specialised court in public procurement - may review a tender and the validity of an agreement that has been concluded between a contracting authority and a supplier. Jurisdiction is further determined on the basis of the contracting authority's jurisdiction. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 20 §§ 4 and 5 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 20 §§ 4 and 5 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 16 §§ 4 and 5)
Is there a procurement regulatory body dedicated to public procurement? Yes. The Swedish Competition Authority (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 21 § 1 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 21 § 1 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 18 § 1 Ordinance No. 1117 of 2007, as amended in 2019, §§ 1 and 3 (2))
Does the law specify procurement advisors' profession (i.e. degree to be obtained, official list of members of the professional association) and its role in the tendering process (e.g. right to draft tender documentations, conduct market research identifying bidders)? No. ( )
Is disclosure of final, beneficial owners required for placing a bid? No.

Complaints

Is there a fee for arbitration procedure? No. The Law on Public Procurement is silent about payment of fees.
Is there a ban on contract signature until arbitration court decision (first instance court)? Yes. If an application for review of a procurement has been made, the prohibition to conclude a contract (contract lock, according to Chap. 20 § 1 or 3 of the Law on Public Procurement) continues to apply during the proceedings in the Administrative Court (extended contract lock). The court may decide that no extended contractual lock shall apply. (Law No. 1145 of 2016 on Public Procurement, as amended in 2019, Chap. 20 §§ 1, 2, 3 and 8 Law No. 1145 of 2016 on the Procurement in the Supply Sector, as amended in 2019, Chap. 20 §§ 1, 2, 3 and 8 Law No. 1029 of 2011 on Procurement in the Field of Defense and Security, as amended in 2019, Chap. 16 §§ 1, 2, 3 and 8)
What is the maximum number of days until arbitration court decision from filing a complaint in the case of awarded contracts? N/S. Maximum number of days is not regulated.
Is there a requirement to publicly release arbitration court decisions ? No. No mandatory public release. However, in practice, the Swedish Competition Authority publish all decisions in its website: https://www.konkurrensverket.se/en/publications-and-decisions1/

Legislation

Announcement No. 8 of 2020 on threshold values ​​in public procurement (Swedish)pdf
Law No. 1029 of 2011 on procurement in the field of defense and security (Swedish)pdf
Law No. 1145 of 2016 on public procurement (Swedish)pdf
Law No. 1146 of 2016 on procurement in the supply sectors (Swedish)pdf
Law No. 668 of 2019 on procurement statistics (Swedish)pdf
Ordinance No. 1117 of 2007 with instructions for the Swedish Competition Authority (Swedish)pdf

*Last update: 2017